ArticleBMC psychiatry2014
Impact of negative symptoms on healthcare resource utilization and associated costs in adult outpatients with schizophrenia: a population-based study.
Article in BMC psychiatry, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 29 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
29 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 69 citations in OpenAlex.
- EPA guidance on assessment of negative symptoms in schizophrenia.European psychiatry : the journal of the Association of European Psychiatrists · 2021Pooled it
- A systematic review of the indirect costs of schizophrenia in Europe.European journal of public health · 2018Pooled it
- Mirtazapine adjunct for people with schizophrenia.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2018Pooled it
- A Phase 3, Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of Pimavanserin as an Adjunctive Treatment for the Negative Symptoms of Schizophrenia (ADVANCE-2) in Patients With Predominant Negative Symptoms.Schizophrenia bulletin · 2026Trial
- Efficacy and safety of transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation for patients with treatment-resistant schizophrenia with predominantly negative symptoms: a randomized clinical trial and efficacy sensitivity biomarkers.Molecular psychiatry · 2025Trial
- Pimavanserin Exposure-Response Analyses in Patients With Schizophrenia: Results From the Phase 2 ADVANCE Study.Journal of clinical psychopharmacologyTrial
- Efficacy and EEG-ECG mechanisms of taVNS combined with TEAS for negative symptoms of schizophrenia: a protocol for a 2 × 2 factorial randomized controlled trial.European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience · 2026Article
- Hospital-based management of predominant negative symptoms in schizophrenia: an observational study.CNS spectrums · 2026Observational
- Economic Burden Associated with Negative Symptoms Identified Through Natural Language Processing Among Patients with Schizophrenia in the United States.Schizophrenia bulletin · 2026Article
- Predicting negative symptoms: a novel scale for assessing anticipatory cognitive mechanisms in psychosis.Annals of general psychiatry · 2026Article
- Feasibility of a digital therapeutic for experiential negative symptoms of schizophrenia: results from an exploratory study.Schizophrenia (Heidelberg, Germany) · 2025Article
- Systematic Review of Self-Assessment Scales for Negative Symptoms in Schizophrenia.Brain sciences · 2025Review
- Correlation Analysis of Acute Psychotic Symptom Domain Severity and Fractional Anisotropy of Brain White Matter Tracts in Schizophrenia.Sovremennye tekhnologii v meditsine · 2025Article
- Factors Affecting Negative Symptoms in Schizophrenia and Their Relationship with Anxiety and Depression.Neuropsychiatric disease and treatment · 2025Article
- The moderating role of COMT gene rs4680 polymorphism between maladaptive metacognitive beliefs and negative symptoms in patients with schizophrenia.BMC psychiatry · 2024Article
- Intermittent theta burst stimulation for negative symptoms in schizophrenia patients with mild cognitive impairment: a randomized controlled trail.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2024Article
- Cost-Effectiveness of Aripiprazole Tablets with Sensor versus Oral Atypical Antipsychotics for the Treatment of Schizophrenia Using a Patient-Level Microsimulation Modeling Approach.ClinicoEconomics and outcomes research : CEOR · 2023Article
- The impact of early factors on persistent negative symptoms in youth at clinical high risk for psychosis.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2023Article
- Impaired Effort Allocation in Patients with Recent-Onset Schizophrenia and Its Relevance to Negative Symptoms Assessments and Persistent Negative Symptoms.Journal of clinical medicine · 2022Article
- MDMA for the Treatment of Negative Symptoms in Schizophrenia.Journal of clinical medicine · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundTo evaluate the prevalence and impact of negative symptoms on healthcare resources utilization and costs in patients with schizophrenia.
methodsA retrospective study was conducted using electronic medical records from the health provider BSA (Badalona, Spain). All adult outpatients with a diagnosis of schizophrenia were followed for 12 months. Two study groups were defined by the presence or absence of negative symptoms based on the PANSS Negative Symptoms Factor (N1-N4, N6, G7 and G16). Healthcare (direct cost) and non-healthcare costs (work productivity losses) were described. An ANCOVA model was used for correction, p < 0.05.
resultsOne thousand one hundred and twenty patients were included in the study (mean age: 46.8 ± 13.8 years; male: 58.4%). One or more negative symptoms were present in 52.5% of patients (95% CI: 49.6-55.4%). The most frequent were passive/apathetic social withdrawal and emotional withdrawal (60.5% and 49.8%, respectively). Patients with negative symptoms showed a greater mean number of comorbid conditions and pharmacological treatments. The adjusted unit healthcare cost related to the presence/absence of negative symptoms was €2,190.80 and €1,787.60 and the healthcare cost was €2,085.00 and €1,659.10, respectively; (p < 0.001). Patients with negative symptoms used more healthcare resources, mainly derived from primary care. The presence of negative symptoms was associated with being male, dyslipidemia, obesity and arterial hypertension (OR = 1.7, 1.4, 1.4 and 1.2, respectively).
conclusionsNegative symptoms are highly prevalent in adult outpatients with schizophrenia with a relevant economic impact on the healthcare system.
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Registered trials
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