ArticleNature biotechnology2014
3D bioprinting of tissues and organs.
Article in Nature biotechnology, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2,095 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
2,095 citing papers in PubMed, 6,681 citations in OpenAlex.
- Engineering high-fidelity bone organoids: Operational classification, multilineage crosstalk, biofabrication evidence, and translational validation.Materials today. Bio · 2026Article
- Research hotspots and emerging trends of 3D printing in bone defects: a bibliometric analysis based on Web of Science core collection from 2006 to March 2026.Cell and tissue banking · 2026Article
- Therapeutic Targets and Signaling Mechanisms in 2D and 3D In Vitro Models of Osteoarthritis.Clinical anatomy (New York, N.Y.) · 2026Review
- AI for bioactive materials: From material design to biological applications.Bioactive materials · 2026Review
- Smart Bioinks for 4D Bioprinting: Requirements, Design, and Applications.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Review
- Emerging Technologies in Cardiovascular Disease Modeling: Bridging Basic Science and Clinical Translation.Cells · 2026Review
- Injectable Thermoresponsive Hydrogels for Antibacterial Applications: Design Strategies, Antibacterial Mechanisms, and Biomedical Applications.Materials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Curved by Design: Applying Microfluidic Principles for Nonplanar and Planar Suspended Tissue Patterning to the Development of Bladder Models with Tunable Mechanics.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Shape Memory Polymers as Functional Platforms for Dynamic Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medical Devices.Polymers · 2026Review
- Handheld Bioprinters in Skin Regeneration: Current Landscape, Clinical Promise, and the Road Ahead.Biomedicines · 2026Review
- Bioprinting the Craniofacial Region: A New Era in Regenerative Medicine and Dentistry.Journal of functional biomaterials · 2026Review
- Three-Dimensional Bioprinting in Reconstructive Plastic Surgery: A Comprehensive Review.Cells · 2026Review
- Next-generation epidermal patches: Bridging 3D and multidimensional printing for biomedical and personal care innovations.Bioactive materials · 2026Review
- Printing to Fight Antimicrobial Resistance Through Nano/Microstructured Platforms.Chemical record (New York, N.Y.) · 2026Review
- Engineering heterogeneous tissues and organs via multi-material bioprinting: Advances, challenges, and opportunities.Acta biomaterialia · 2026Review
- Review
- Advancing Type 1 Diabetes Treatment: 3 PM-Oriented Innovations in Islet Transplantation and Biomaterial Engineering.Diabetes/metabolism research and reviews · 2026Review
- 3D Bioprinted Alginate-Gelatin-Collagen Based Hydrogels Laden With Fibroblast and Keratinocyte Cells Show Potential for Regeneration of Injured Skin.Macromolecular bioscience · 2026Article
- Next-Generation Cartilage Repair: Clinical Use of Wharton's Jelly MSCs and the Emerging Role of AI-Assisted Bioprinting.Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Beyond Earth: Recent Advancements in Microgravity Biomedical and Genetic Research in Saudi Arabia.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
2,035 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Additive manufacturing, otherwise known as three-dimensional (3D) printing, is driving major innovations in many areas, such as engineering, manufacturing, art, education and medicine. Recent advances have enabled 3D printing of biocompatible materials, cells and supporting components into complex 3D functional living tissues. 3D bioprinting is being applied to regenerative medicine to address the need for tissues and organs suitable for transplantation. Compared with non-biological printing, 3D bioprinting involves additional complexities, such as the choice of materials, cell types, growth and differentiation factors, and technical challenges related to the sensitivities of living cells and the construction of tissues. Addressing these complexities requires the integration of technologies from the fields of engineering, biomaterials science, cell biology, physics and medicine. 3D bioprinting has already been used for the generation and transplantation of several tissues, including multilayered skin, bone, vascular grafts, tracheal splints, heart tissue and cartilaginous structures. Other applications include developing high-throughput 3D-bioprinted tissue models for research, drug discovery and toxicology.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.