Trial reportPediatrics2014
Telephone peer counseling of breastfeeding among WIC participants: a randomized controlled trial.
Trial report in Pediatrics, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 30 papers, 15 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
30 citing papers in PubMed, 15 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 68 citations in OpenAlex.
- The Impact of Peer Support Through Mobile Health Applications on Breastfeeding Outcomes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Maternal & child nutrition · 2026Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Teleintervention's effects on breastfeeding in low-income women in high income countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis.International breastfeeding journal · 2024Pooled it
- Support for healthy breastfeeding mothers with healthy term babies.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2022Pooled it
- Remote provision of breastfeeding support and education: Systematic review and meta-analysis.Maternal & child nutrition · 2022Pooled it
- Impact of breastfeeding interventions among United States minority women on breastfeeding outcomes: a systematic review.International journal for equity in health · 2021Pooled it
- Targeted client communication via mobile devices for improving sexual and reproductive health.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2020Pooled it
- Targeted client communication via mobile devices for improving maternal, neonatal, and child health.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2020Pooled it
- Counselling interventions to enable women to initiate and continue breastfeeding: a systematic review and meta-analysis.International breastfeeding journal · 2019Pooled it
- A realist review of one-to-one breastfeeding peer support experiments conducted in developed country settings.Maternal & child nutrition · 2018Pooled it
- Support for healthy breastfeeding mothers with healthy term babies.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2017Pooled it
- Breastfeeding education and support for women with twins or higher order multiples.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2017Pooled it
- Likelihood of Breastfeeding Within the USDA's Food and Nutrition Service Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children Population.Journal of human lactation : official journal of International Lactation Consultant Association · 2017Pooled it
- Interventions for promoting the initiation of breastfeeding.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2016Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Las Dos Cosas Versus Exclusive Breastfeeding: A Culturally and Linguistically Exploratory Intervention Study in Hispanic Mothers Living in Kentucky.Journal of pediatric health care : official publication of National Association of Pediatric Nurse Associates & PractitionersTrial
- The Effect of Interactive Web-Based Monitoring on Breastfeeding Exclusivity, Intensity, and Duration in Healthy, Term Infants After Hospital Discharge.Journal of obstetric, gynecologic, and neonatal nursing : JOGNNTrial
- Determinants and strategies influencing implementation of a clinically integrated breastfeeding peer counseling program: an application of the Implementation Research Logic Model.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2026Article
- Implementation of a clinically integrated breastfeeding peer counselor program.Journal of perinatology : official journal of the California Perinatal Association · 2024Article
- Experiences of breastfeeding peer counseling among women with low incomes in the US: a qualitative evaluation.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveThe US Surgeon General has recommended that peer counseling to support breastfeeding become a core service of the Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC). As of 2008, 50% of WIC clients received services from local WIC agencies that offered peer counseling. Little is known about the effectiveness of these peer counseling programs. Randomized controlled trials of peer counseling interventions among low-income women in the United States showed increases in breastfeeding initiation and duration, but it is doubtful that the level of support provided could be scaled up to service WIC participants nationally. We tested whether a telephone peer counseling program among WIC participants could increase breastfeeding initiation, duration, and exclusivity.
methodsWe randomly assigned 1948 WIC clients recruited during pregnancy who intended to breastfeed or were considering breastfeeding to 3 study arms: no peer counseling, 4 telephone contacts, or 8 telephone contacts.
resultsWe combined 2 treatment arms because there was no difference in the distribution of peer contacts. Nonexclusive breastfeeding duration was greater at 3 months postpartum for all women in the treatment group (adjusted relative risk: 1.22; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.10-1.34) but greater at 6 months for Spanish-speaking clients only (adjusted relative risk: 1.29; 95% CI: 1.10-1.51). The likelihood of exclusive breastfeeding cessation was less among Spanish-speaking clients (adjusted odds ratio: 0.78; 95% CI: 0.68-0.89).
conclusionsA telephone peer counseling program achieved gains in nonexclusive breastfeeding but modest improvements in exclusive breastfeeding were limited to Spanish- speaking women.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.