ArticleVaccine2014
The effectiveness of influenza vaccination in preventing hospitalizations in children in Hong Kong, 2009-2013.
Article in Vaccine, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 35 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
35 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- The Use of Test-negative Controls to Monitor Vaccine Effectiveness: A Systematic Review of Methodology.Epidemiology (Cambridge, Mass.) · 2020Pooled it
- Influenza vaccine effectiveness among high-risk groups: A systematic literature review and meta-analysis of case-control and cohort studies.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2018Pooled it
- Estimating Influenza Vaccine Effectiveness With the Test-Negative Design Using Alternative Control Groups: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.American journal of epidemiology · 2018Pooled it
- Estimating influenza vaccine effectiveness using routine surveillance data among children aged 6-59 months for five consecutive influenza seasons.International journal of infectious diseases : IJID : official publication of the International Society for Infectious Diseases · 2015Pooled it
- Potential of the test-negative design for measuring influenza vaccine effectiveness: a systematic review.Expert review of vaccines · 2014Pooled it
- Trial
- Influenza Vaccination Effectiveness Against Influenza-Associated Hospitalization in Children and the Effects of Repeated Vaccination.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Influenza Vaccination During Pregnancy and Infant Influenza in the First 6 Months of Life.Obstetrics and gynecology · 2025Article
- Influenza vaccine effectiveness against influenza-associated hospitalizations in children, Hong Kong, November 2023 to June 2024.Vaccine: X · 2024Article
- Hypothesis testing and sample size considerations for the test-negative design.BMC medical research methodology · 2024Article
- Hypothesis testing and sample size considerations for the test-negative design.Research square · 2023Article
- Review
- A Call for a Reform of the Influenza Immunization Program in Mexico: Epidemiologic and Economic Evidence for Decision Making.Vaccines · 2021Article
- Safety, Immunogenicity, Efficacy and Effectiveness of Inactivated Influenza Vaccines in Healthy Pregnant Women and Children Under 5 Years: An Evidence-Based Clinical Review.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Review
- Evaluation of a New Clinical Endpoint for Moderate to Severe Influenza Disease in Children: A Prospective Cohort Study.Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society · 2020Observational
- Evaluating impact of school outreach vaccination programme in Hong Kong influenza season 2018 - 2019.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2020Article
- Influenza in the school-aged population in Mexico: burden of disease and cost-effectiveness of vaccination in children.BMC infectious diseases · 2020Article
- Influenza Vaccine Effectiveness in the Inpatient Setting: Evaluation of Potential Bias in the Test-Negative Design by Use of Alternate Control Groups.American journal of epidemiology · 2020Article
- Effectiveness of Partial and Full Influenza Vaccination Among Children Aged <9 Years in Hong Kong, 2011-2019.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2019Article
- Early season estimate of influenza vaccination effectiveness against influenza hospitalisation in children, Hong Kong, winter influenza season 2018/19.Euro surveillance : bulletin Europeen sur les maladies transmissibles = European communicable disease bulletin · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundInfluenza vaccination is widely recommended every year to protect individuals against influenza virus infection and illness. There are few published estimates of influenza vaccine effectiveness against hospitalization in children or from subtropical regions.
methodsWe conducted a test-negative year-round study between October 2009 and September 2013, recruiting children 6 months to 17 years of age admitted to two hospitals in Hong Kong with a febrile acute respiratory infection. Cases were tested for influenza A and B and conditional logistic regression was used to estimate vaccine effectiveness comparing influenza vaccination history of the trivalent influenza vaccine (TIV) among patients testing positive versus negative for influenza, adjusting for age and sex and matching by calendar week of recruitment.
resultsOverall vaccine effectiveness against hospitalization with laboratory-confirmed influenza A and B was estimated to be 61.7% (95% CI: 43.0%, 74.2%). The estimated vaccine effectiveness against A(H3N2) was 36.6% (95% CI: -25.5%, 67.9%) compared to 71.5% (95% CI: 39.4%, 86.6%) for A(H1N1)pdm09 and 68.8% (95% CI: 41.6%, 83.3%) for B.
conclusionsVaccine effectiveness against hospitalization in children varied from year to year, but was moderate to high overall even in an area with influenza activity throughout the year.
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