ArticleThe Journal of general virology2014
Analysis of the anti-apoptotic activity of four vaccinia virus proteins demonstrates that B13 is the most potent inhibitor in isolation and during viral infection.
Article in The Journal of general virology, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
23 citing papers in PubMed, 29 citations in OpenAlex.
- Engineered fluorescence for live diagnostics and quantification of poxvirus infection.The Journal of general virology · 2026Article
- Vaccinia virus for lung cancer therapy: preclinical progress and prospects as a systemic immunotherapy platform.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Mammalian innate antiviral defenses: beyond interferon.Journal of virology · 2025Review
- Lumpy Skin Disease Virus Pathogenesis: Viral Protein Functions and Comparative Insights from Vaccinia Virus.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2025Review
- Genome wide identification and characterization of Bax inhibitor-1 gene family in cucumber (Cucumis sativus) under biotic and abiotic stress.BMC genomics · 2024Article
- Vaccinia Virus: Mechanisms Supporting Immune Evasion and Successful Long-Term Protective Immunity.Viruses · 2024Review
- Subversion of Programed Cell Death by Poxviruses.Current topics in microbiology and immunology · 2023Article
- Monkeypox: disease epidemiology, host immunity and clinical interventions.Nature reviews. Immunology · 2022Review
- Viral-mediated activation and inhibition of programmed cell death.PLoS pathogens · 2022Review
- Vaccinia Virus: From Crude Smallpox Vaccines to Elaborate Viral Vector Vaccine Design.Biomedicines · 2021Review
- Poxvirus Interactions with the Host Ubiquitin System.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Review
- Poxviral Strategies to Overcome Host Cell Apoptosis.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2020Review
- Rapid poxvirus engineering using CRISPR/Cas9 as a selection tool.Communications biology · 2020Article
- Vaccinia Virus Activation and Antagonism of Cytosolic DNA Sensing.Frontiers in immunology · 2020Review
- Differential Response Following Infection of Mouse CNS with Virulent and Attenuated Vaccinia Virus Strains.Vaccines · 2019Article
- Virulent Poxviruses Inhibit DNA Sensing by Preventing STING Activation.Journal of virology · 2018Article
- Orf Virus Encoded Protein ORFV119 Induces Cell Apoptosis Through the Extrinsic and Intrinsic Pathways.Frontiers in microbiology · 2018Article
- Vaccinia virus protein A49 activates Wnt signalling by targetting the E3 ligase β-TrCP.The Journal of general virology · 2017Article
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Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Vaccinia virus (VACV) is a large dsDNA virus encoding ~200 proteins, several of which inhibit apoptosis. Here, a comparative study of anti-apoptotic proteins N1, F1, B13 and Golgi anti-apoptotic protein (GAAP) in isolation and during viral infection is presented. VACVs strains engineered to lack each gene separately still blocked apoptosis to some degree because of functional redundancy provided by the other anti-apoptotic proteins. To overcome this redundancy, we inserted each gene separately into a VACV strain (vv811) that lacked all these anti-apoptotic proteins and that induced apoptosis efficiently during infection. Each protein was also expressed in cells using lentivirus vectors. In isolation, each VACV protein showed anti-apoptotic activity in response to specific stimuli, as measured by immunoblotting for cleaved poly(ADP ribose) polymerase-1 and caspase-3 activation. Of the proteins tested, B13 was the most potent inhibitor, blocking both intrinsic and extrinsic stimuli, whilst the activity of the other proteins was largely restricted to inhibition of intrinsic stimuli. In addition, B13 and F1 were effective blockers of apoptosis induced by vv811 infection. Finally, whilst differences in induction of apoptosis were barely detectable during infection with VACV strain Western Reserve compared with derivative viruses lacking individual anti-apoptotic genes, several of these proteins reduced activation of caspase-3 during infection by vv811 strains expressing these proteins. These results illustrated that vv811 was a useful tool to determine the role of VACV proteins during infection and that whilst all of these proteins have some anti-apoptotic activity, B13 was the most potent.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.