ArticleAntonie van Leeuwenhoek2014
Characterization of lipoteichoic acid structures from three probiotic Bacillus strains: involvement of D-alanine in their biological activity.
Article in Antonie van Leeuwenhoek, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 42 citations in OpenAlex.
- The dual role of lipoteichoic acid: from immune modulation to therapeutic applications in disease treatment.Inflammopharmacology · 2026Review
- Article
- Lacticaseibacillus casei K11 exerts immunomodulatory effects by enhancing natural killer cell cytotoxicity via the extracellular regulated-protein kinase pathway.European journal of nutrition · 2024Article
- Structural insights into the transporting and catalyzing mechanism of DltB in LTA D-alanylation.Nature communications · 2024Article
- NeutralizingACS omega · 2024Article
- Comparison of the effects of probiotic strains (Lactobacillus gasseri, Lactiplantibacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus acidophilus, and Limosilactobacillus fermentum) isolated from human and food products on the immune response of CT26 tumor-bearing mice.Brazilian journal of microbiology : [publication of the Brazilian Society for Microbiology] · 2023Article
- Immunomodulatory and Antioxidant Properties of a Novel Potential ProbioticMicroorganisms · 2023Article
- Metagenomics of Parkinson's disease implicates the gut microbiome in multiple disease mechanisms.Nature communications · 2022Article
- Current Progress and Future Perspectives on the Use of Bacillus clausiiMicroorganisms · 2022Review
- Hydrophobic ligands influence the structure, stability, and processing of the major cockroach allergen Bla g 1.Scientific reports · 2019Article
- Inflammatory Response to Different Toxins in Experimental Sepsis Models.International journal of molecular sciences · 2019Review
- Lipoteichoic acid of Enterococcus faecalis inhibits osteoclastogenesis via transcription factor RBP-J.Innate immunity · 2019Article
- Article
- Deficiency in Lipoteichoic Acid Synthesis Causes a Failure in Executing the Colony Developmental Program inFrontiers in microbiology · 2017Article
- Structural diversity and biological significance of lipoteichoic acid in Gram-positive bacteria: focusing on beneficial probiotic lactic acid bacteria.Bioscience of microbiota, food and health · 2016Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Probiotics represent a potential strategy to influence the host's immune system thereby modulating immune response. Lipoteichoic Acid (LTA) is a major immune-stimulating component of Gram-positive cell envelopes. This amphiphilic polymer, anchored in the cytoplasmic membrane by means of its glycolipid component, typically consists of a poly (glycerol-phosphate) chain with D-alanine and/or glycosyl substitutions. LTA is known to stimulate macrophages in vitro, leading to secretion of inflammatory mediators such as Nitric Oxide (NO). This study investigates the structure-activity relationship of purified LTA from three probiotic Bacillus strains (Bacillus cereus CH, Bacillus subtilis CU1 and Bacillus clausii O/C). LTAs were extracted from bacterial cultures and purified. Chemical modification by means of hydrolysis at pH 8.5 was performed to remove D-alanine. The molecular structure of native and modified LTAs was determined by (1)H NMR and GC-MS, and their inflammatory potential investigated by measuring NO production by RAW 264.7 macrophages. Structural analysis revealed several differences between the newly characterized LTAs, mainly relating to their D-alanylation rates and poly (glycerol-phosphate) chain length. We observed induction of NO production by LTAs from B. subtilis and B. clausii, whereas weaker NO production was observed with B. cereus. LTA dealanylation abrogated NO production independently of the glycolipid component, suggesting that immunomodulatory potential depends on D-alanine substitutions. D-alanine may control the spatial configuration of LTAs and their recognition by cell receptors. Knowledge of molecular mechanisms behind the immunomodulatory abilities of probiotics is essential to optimize their use.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.