ArticlePloS one2014
Anaesthetic tricaine acts preferentially on neural voltage-gated sodium channels and fails to block directly evoked muscle contraction.
Article in PloS one, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 33 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
33 citing papers in PubMed, 71 citations in OpenAlex.
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- Yap1 regulates motility and vertebral development and prevents kyphoscoliosis in zebrafish.PLoS genetics · 2026Article
- Zebrafish fast muscle contractions avoid the mammalian requirement for voltage-gated Na+ channels.PLoS biology · 2025Article
- The non-canonical thioreductase Tmx2b is essential for neuronal survival during zebrafish embryonic brain development.Development (Cambridge, England) · 2025Article
- Current research and guidelines for euthanasia in laboratory fish with a focus on fathead minnows.Laboratory animals · 2025Review
- Tricaine, eugenol and etomidate for repetitive procedural anesthesia in adult zebrafish,Frontiers in veterinary science · 2025Article
- Rohon-beard neurons do not succumb to programmed cell death during zebrafish development.Developmental biology · 2024Article
- Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Eugenol and MS-222 as Anesthetics in Zebrafish in Repeated Exposures and Post-Anesthesia Behaviour.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2024Article
- Electrical Synapses Mediate Embryonic Hyperactivity in a Zebrafish Model of Fragile X Syndrome.The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience · 2024Article
- Pain management in zebrafish : Report from a FELASA Working Group.Laboratory animals · 2024Review
- Assessment of the effect of tricaine (MS-222)-induced anesthesia on brain-wide neuronal activity of zebrafish (Frontiers in neuroscience · 2024Article
- The effect of urethane and MS-222 anesthesia on the electric organ discharge of the weakly electric fish Apteronotus leptorhynchus.Journal of comparative physiology. A, Neuroethology, sensory, neural, and behavioral physiology · 2023Article
- A New Bioassay for the Detection of Paralytic and Amnesic Biotoxins Based on Motor Behavior Impairments of Zebrafish Larvae.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- The relationships between growth rate and mitochondrial metabolism varies over time.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- Article
- Svep1 stabilises developmental vascular anastomosis in reduced flow conditions.Development (Cambridge, England) · 2022Article
- Efficacy of Tricaine (MS-222) and Hypothermia as Anesthetic Agents for Blocking Sensorimotor Responses in Larval Zebrafish.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2022Article
- Genetically encoded cell-death indicators (GEDI) to detect an early irreversible commitment to neurodegeneration.Nature communications · 2021Article
- Circadian regulation of muscle growth independent of locomotor activity.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2020Article
- MYH3-associated distal arthrogryposis zebrafish model is normalized with para-aminoblebbistatin.EMBO molecular medicine · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Movements in animals arise through concerted action of neurons and skeletal muscle. General anaesthetics prevent movement and cause loss of consciousness by blocking neural function. Anaesthetics of the amino amide-class are thought to act by blockade of voltage-gated sodium channels. In fish, the commonly used anaesthetic tricaine methanesulphonate, also known as 3-aminobenzoic acid ethyl ester, metacaine or MS-222, causes loss of consciousness. However, its role in blocking action potentials in distinct excitable cells is unclear, raising the possibility that tricaine could act as a neuromuscular blocking agent directly causing paralysis. Here we use evoked electrical stimulation to show that tricaine efficiently blocks neural action potentials, but does not prevent directly evoked muscle contraction. Nifedipine-sensitive L-type Cav channels affecting movement are also primarily neural, suggesting that muscle Nav channels are relatively insensitive to tricaine. These findings show that tricaine used at standard concentrations in zebrafish larvae does not paralyse muscle, thereby diminishing concern that a direct action on muscle could mask a lack of general anaesthesia.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.