ArticleAmerican journal of ophthalmology2014
Photoscreeners in the pediatric eye office: compared testability and refractions on high-risk children.
Article in American journal of ophthalmology, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 26 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
26 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Systematic review and meta-analysis on the agreement of non-cycloplegic and cycloplegic refraction in children.Ophthalmic & physiological optics : the journal of the British College of Ophthalmic Opticians (Optometrists) · 2022Pooled it
- Continued care and provision of glasses are necessary to improve visual and academic outcomes in children: Experience from a cluster-randomized controlled trial of school-based vision screening.Canadian journal of public health = Revue canadienne de sante publique · 2024Trial
- Prevalence and Risk Factors for Myopia in Primary School Children in Madrid: A School-Based Cycloplegic Refraction Study.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2025Article
- Recommended practices for vision screening in pre-school-age children: A 2025 update.Optometry and vision science : official publication of the American Academy of Optometry · 2025Review
- Evaluation of the QuickSee portable autorefractor system in a pediatric population.Journal of AAPOS : the official publication of the American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus · 2025Article
- Retinoscopes: Past and present.World journal of methodology · 2024Article
- Comparison of Spot Vision Screener and Tabletop Autorefractometer with Retinoscopy in the Pediatric Population.Turkish journal of ophthalmology · 2024Article
- The Performance of Spot Photoscreener in 6 to 10 Weeks Infants in China: A Cross-Sectional Study.Journal of ophthalmology · 2024Article
- Test-Retest of the Spot Vision Screener among Children with Ophthalmological Diseases including Strabismus.Journal of ophthalmology · 2024Article
- Myopia progression in school children with prolonged screen time during the coronavirus disease confinement.Medical hypothesis, discovery & innovation ophthalmology journal · 2023Article
- Measurement Accuracy When Using Spot Vision Screener With or Without Cycloplegia in Young Adults.Clinical ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2023Article
- Artificial intelligence improves accuracy, efficiency, and reliability of a handheld infrared eccentric autorefractor for adult refractometry.International journal of ophthalmology · 2022Article
- Does the Accuracy and Repeatability of Refractive Error Estimates Depend on the Measurement Principle of Autorefractors?Translational vision science & technology · 2021Article
- Accuracy of Photorefraction and Wavefront-Based Autorefraction in Children Under 3 Years of Age.Beyoglu eye journal · 2021Article
- School-based epidemiology study of myopia in Tianjin, China.International ophthalmology · 2020Article
- Choosing appropriate tools and referral criteria for vision screening of children aged 4-5 years in Canada: a quantitative analysis.BMJ open · 2019Article
- Comparison of the PlusOptix S09 and Spot Vision photorefractor to cycloretinoscopy.International ophthalmology · 2019Article
- Comparison of Autorefraction and Photorefraction with and without Cycloplegia Using 1% Tropicamide in Preschool Children.Journal of ophthalmology · 2019Article
- Clinical Performance of the Spot Vision Photo Screener before and after Induction of Cycloplegia in Children.Journal of ophthalmology · 2019Article
- Pediatric vision screening using the plusoptiX A12C photoscreener in Chinese preschool children aged 3 to 4 years.Scientific reports · 2017Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
Abstract
purposeTo compare refractive data and testability of Spot (PediaVision) and Plusoptix A09 (Plusoptix, Inc) photoscreeners and to compare each device with traditional cycloplegic retinoscopy.
designProspective, interventional case series.
methodsAfter informed consent, patients underwent testing with the Spot and Plusoptix photoscreeners before their examination by a pediatric ophthalmologist masked to the results. Data including testability and estimated refractions were entered into a Research Electronic Data Capture database for statistical analysis.
resultsA total of 265 children were enrolled (mean age, 6.0 ± 3.4 years). Both devices produced a computer printout result in 250 (94.3%) of the patients. The Spot photoscreener provided a refractive estimate in all computer printouts, whereas the Plusoptix, used binocularly, provided a refractive estimate in 75.2% (188/250) of the printouts. Compared with cycloplegic retinoscopy, both devices underestimated hyperopia or overestimated myopia (-1.35 diopters [D] and -0.64 D, Spot and Plusoptix, respectively) and overestimated astigmatism (0.36 D and 0.32 D, Spot and Plusoptix, respectively). The intraclass correlation coefficient for spherical equivalents indicated good agreement between cycloplegic retinoscopy and Spot (0.806) and excellent agreement between cycloplegic retinoscopy and Plusoptix (0.898).
conclusionsThe Spot photoscreener provided refractive data on a greater percentage of children. The photorefractors correlated with cycloplegic retinoscopy refractive findings for sphere and spherical equivalents, but underestimated hyperopia or overestimated myopia and overestimated astigmatism. The binocular refractions of Plusoptix agreed more closely with the refractions of our pediatric ophthalmologists.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.