ArticlePloS one2014
Unexpected rarity of the pathogen Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis in Appalachian Plethodon Salamanders: 1957-2011.
Article in PloS one, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers.
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Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed.
- Long-term trends in parasite diversity and infection levels: approaches and patterns.Biological reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society · 2026Review
- Using Serially Collected Specimens to Investigate the Potential Population Genetic Consequences of Reported Declines in Eastern Woodland Salamanders.Ecology and evolution · 2026Article
- Imprints of Land Use History on the Cutaneous Microbiota of Mexican Cloud Forest Salamanders.Microbial ecology · 2025Article
- Reorganization of bacterial community network structure in the eastern redback salamander (Plethodon cinereus) and its soil reservoir across a gradient of land use.FEMS microbiology ecology · 2025Article
- Inhibitory Bacterial Diversity and Mucosome Function Differentiate Susceptibility of Appalachian Salamanders to Chytrid Fungal Infection.Applied and environmental microbiology · 2022Article
- Geography, Host Genetics, and Cross-Domain Microbial Networks Structure the Skin Microbiota of Fragmented Brazilian Atlantic Forest Frog Populations.Ecology and evolution · 2021Article
- Differences in Fungal Disease Dynamics in Co-occurring Terrestrial and Aquatic Amphibians.EcoHealth · 2020Article
- Skin Microbiomes of California Terrestrial Salamanders Are Influenced by Habitat More Than Host Phylogeny.Frontiers in microbiology · 2018Article
- Article
- Review
- Antifungal Bacteria on Woodland Salamander Skin Exhibit High Taxonomic Diversity and Geographic Variability.Applied and environmental microbiology · 2017Article
- Scientific and technical assistance concerning the survival, establishment and spread ofEFSA journal. European Food Safety Authority · 2017Article
- Overview of chytrid emergence and impacts on amphibians.Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences · 2016Review
- Spatial variation in risk and consequence of Batrachochytrium salamandrivorans introduction in the USA.Royal Society open science · 2016Article
- Vertebrate Hosts as Islands: Dynamics of Selection, Immigration, Loss, Persistence, and Potential Function of Bacteria on Salamander Skin.Frontiers in microbiology · 2016Article
- Amphibian chytridiomycosis: a review with focus on fungus-host interactions.Veterinary research · 2015Review
- DNA Extraction Method Affects the Detection of a Fungal Pathogen in Formalin-Fixed Specimens Using qPCR.PloS one · 2015Article
- Pathogenic chytrid fungus Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis, but not B. salamandrivorans, detected on eastern hellbenders.PloS one · 2015Article
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Widespread population declines in terrestrial Plethodon salamanders occurred by the 1980s throughout the Appalachian Mountains, the center of global salamander diversity, with no evident recovery. We tested the hypothesis that the historic introduction and spread of the pathogenic fungus Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd) into the eastern US was followed by Plethodon population declines. We expected to detect elevated prevalence of Bd prior to population declines as observed for Central American plethodontids. We tested 1,498 Plethodon salamanders of 12 species (892 museum specimens, 606 wild individuals) for the presence of Bd, and tested 94 of those for Batrachochytrium salamandrivorans (Bs) and for ranavirus. Field samples were collected in 2011 from 48 field sites across a 767 km transect. Historic samples from museum specimens were collected at five sites with the greatest number and longest duration of collection (1957-987), four of which were sampled in the field in 2011. None of the museum specimens were positive for Bd, but four P. cinereus from field surveys were positive. The overall Bd prevalence from 1957-2011 for 12 Plethodon species sampled across a 757 km transect was 0.2% (95% CI 0.1-0.7%). All 94 samples were negative for Bs and ranavirus. We conclude that known amphibian pathogens are unlikely causes for declines in these Plethodon populations. Furthermore, these exceptionally low levels of Bd, in a region known to harbor Bd, may indicate that Plethodon specific traits limit Bd infection.
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