ArticlePloS one2014
Eye movements as an index of pathologist visual expertise: a pilot study.
Article in PloS one, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 44 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
44 citing papers in PubMed.
- Screening efficiency over experience: Rapid target detection in low-power field as a modifiable cognitive biomarker for diagnostic accuracy in digital cytology.Cancer cytopathology · 2026Article
- Toward uncertainty-aware manual delineation of brain tumours using eye-tracking and image-derived features.Physics and imaging in radiation oncology · 2026Article
- Artificial intelligence and computer-aided diagnosis in diagnostic decisions: 5 questions for medical informatics and human-computer interface research.Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association : JAMIA · 2026Review
- Eye movement abnormalities in autism spectrum disorder and prodromal psychosis: a review of overlaps and biomarkers.Frontiers in child and adolescent psychiatry · 2026Review
- Characterizing Interpretive and Diagnostic Competency Development in Pathology Training.Modern pathology : an official journal of the United States and Canadian Academy of Pathology, Inc · 2025Article
- Interpretation of AI-Generated vs. Human-Made Images.Journal of imaging · 2025Article
- The Effect of Experience on Visual Search Patterns in Retinal Imaging Analysis.Ophthalmic surgery, lasers & imaging retina · 2025Article
- Article
- Eye tracking in digital pathology: A comprehensive literature review.Journal of pathology informatics · 2024Review
- Do Physicians Remember Cases? Implications for Longitudinal Designs in Medical Research and Competency Assessment.Research methods in medicine & health sciences · 2024Article
- Machine learning classification of diagnostic accuracy in pathologists interpreting breast biopsies.Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association : JAMIA · 2024Article
- Eye-tracking during simulation-based echocardiography: a feasibility study.BMC medical education · 2023Article
- From Image to Diagnosis: Characterizing Sources of Error in Histopathologic Interpretation.Modern pathology : an official journal of the United States and Canadian Academy of Pathology, Inc · 2023Article
- Pathologist pupil dilation reflects experience level and difficulty in diagnosing medical images.Journal of medical imaging (Bellingham, Wash.) · 2023Article
- Hip fracture or not? The reversed prevalence effect among non-experts' diagnosis.Cognitive research: principles and implications · 2023Article
- Extracting decision-making features from the unstructured eye movements of clinicians on glaucoma OCT reports and developing AI models to classify expertise.Frontiers in medicine · 2023Article
- Evaluation of expert skills in refinery patrol inspection: visual attention and head positioning behavior.Heliyon · 2022Article
- Digital pathology: the effect of experience on visual search behavior.Journal of medical imaging (Bellingham, Wash.) · 2022Article
- An algorithmic approach to determine expertise development using object-related gaze pattern sequences.Behavior research methods · 2022Article
- An analysis of pathologists' viewing processes as they diagnose whole slide digital images.Journal of pathology informatics · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
A pilot study examined the extent to which eye movements occurring during interpretation of digitized breast biopsy whole slide images (WSI) can distinguish novice interpreters from experts, informing assessments of competency progression during training and across the physician-learning continuum. A pathologist with fellowship training in breast pathology interpreted digital WSI of breast tissue and marked the region of highest diagnostic relevance (dROI). These same images were then evaluated using computer vision techniques to identify visually salient regions of interest (vROI) without diagnostic relevance. A non-invasive eye tracking system recorded pathologists' (N = 7) visual behavior during image interpretation, and we measured differential viewing of vROIs versus dROIs according to their level of expertise. Pathologists with relatively low expertise in interpreting breast pathology were more likely to fixate on, and subsequently return to, diagnostically irrelevant vROIs relative to experts. Repeatedly fixating on the distracting vROI showed limited value in predicting diagnostic failure. These preliminary results suggest that eye movements occurring during digital slide interpretation can characterize expertise development by demonstrating differential attraction to diagnostically relevant versus visually distracting image regions. These results carry both theoretical implications and potential for monitoring and evaluating student progress and providing automated feedback and scanning guidance in educational settings.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.