ArticlePloS one2014
Urinary sodium excretion and dietary sources of sodium intake in Chinese postmenopausal women with prehypertension.
Article in PloS one, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 24 citations in OpenAlex.
- A Systematic Review of the Sources of Dietary Salt Around the World.Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) · 2020Pooled it
- Twenty-Four-Hour Urinary Sodium and Potassium Excretion in China: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2019Pooled it
- Dietary Sources of Salt in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: A Systematic Literature Review.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2019Pooled it
- Twenty-Four-Hour Diet recall and Diet records compared with 24-hour urinary excretion to predict an individual's sodium consumption: A Systematic Review.Journal of clinical hypertension (Greenwich, Conn.) · 2018Pooled it
- Urinary sodium excretion and dietary sources of sodium intake in community-dwelling Chinese adults aged 50 years and over.Public health nutrition · 2021Trial
- Development and Validation of Chinese Health Literacy Scale for Low Salt Consumption-Hong Kong Population (CHLSalt-HK).PloS one · 2015Trial
- Factors related to high sodium intake based on 24-hour urinary sodium excretion in population aged 50 years and older.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Article
- Be aware of the sodium intake outside student canteens: development and validation of a sodium food frequency questionnaire in Chinese undergraduates.Frontiers in nutrition · 2023Article
- Validation and reproducibility of a semi-qualitative food frequency questionnaire for assessment of sodium intake in Iranian population.Nutrition journal · 2022Article
- Projected effects on salt purchases following implementation of a national salt reduction policy in South Africa.Public health nutrition · 2021Article
- Sodium concentration of pre-packaged foods sold in Hong Kong.Public health nutrition · 2020Article
- Complementary Biomarker Assessment of Components Absorbed from Diet and Creatinine Excretion Rate Reflecting Muscle Mass in Dialysis Patients.Nutrients · 2018Article
- Sodium and Potassium Intake from Food Diaries and 24-h Urine Collections from 7 Days in a Sample of Healthy Greek Adults.Frontiers in nutrition · 2018Article
- Preference of Food Saltiness and Willingness to Consume Low-Sodium Content Food in a Chinese Population.The journal of nutrition, health & aging · 2017Article
- Article
- Low awareness of high sodium intake among older Chinese people.Science progressArticle
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundReducing salt intake in communities is one of the most effective and affordable public health strategies to prevent hypertension, stroke and renal disease. The present study aimed to determine the sodium intake in Hong Kong Chinese postmenopausal women and identify the major food sources contributing to sodium intake and urine excretion.
methodsThis was a cross-sectional study among 655 Chinese postmenopausal women with prehypertension who were screened for a randomized controlled trial. Data collection included 24 h urine collection for the measurement of sodium, potassium and creatinine, 3-day dietary records, anthropometric measures and questionnaire survey on demographic data and dietary habits.
resultsThe average salt intake estimated from urinary excretion was 7.8 ± 3.2 g/d with 82.1% women above WHO recommendation of 5 g/day. Food groups as soup (21.6%), rice and noodles (13.5%), baked cereals (12.3%), salted/preserved foods (10.8%), Chinese dim sum (10.2%) and sea foods (10.1%) were the major contributors of non-discretionary salt. Discretionary salt use in cooking made a modest contribution to overall intake. Vegetable and fruit intake, age, sodium intake from salted foods, sea foods and soup were the independent determinants of urinary sodium excretion.
conclusionsOur data revealed a significant room for reduction of the sodium intake. Efforts to reduce sodium from diets in Hong Kong Chinese postmenopausal women should focus on both processed foods and discretionary salt during cooking. Sodium reduction in soup and increase in fruit intake would be potentially effective strategy for reducing sodium.
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