ArticleOncoimmunology
Trial Watch: Toll-like receptor agonists in oncological indications.
Article in Oncoimmunology. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 54 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
54 citing papers in PubMed, 80 citations in OpenAlex.
- Dark matter matters: from noncoding RNA regulation to cancer immunity.Oncoimmunology · 2026Review
- Pseudomonas aeruginosa-derived DnaJ functions as a novel immunomodulator inducing IFNβ via CME-SGK1-IRF3 axis in macrophages.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Reprogramming tumor microenvironment via systemic delivery of TLR3 agonist and manganese nanoparticle.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025Article
- Facts and Hopes: CAR T-Cell Therapy and Immune Contexture in Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma.Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research · 2025Review
- An anoikis-related signature predicts prognosis and immunotherapy response in gastrointestinal cancers.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- CaCOHeliyon · 2024Article
- Colorectal cancer-specific IFNβ delivery overcomes dysfunctional dsRNA-mediated type I interferon signaling to increase the abscopal effect of radiotherapy.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2024Article
- Digital Pathology for Better Clinical Practice.Cancers · 2024Review
- Principles of risk assessment in colon cancer: immunity is key.Oncoimmunology · 2024Review
- Applications and clinical trial landscape using Toll-like receptor agonists to reduce the toll of cancer.NPJ precision oncology · 2023Review
- Light on life: immunoscore immune-checkpoint, a predictor of immunotherapy response.Oncoimmunology · 2023Review
- Self-Assembly of Immune Signals to Program Innate Immunity through Rational Adjuvant Design.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2022Article
- TLR agonist rMBP-NAP inhibits B16 melanoma tumor growth via induction of DCs maturation and T-cells cytotoxic response.Cytotechnology · 2022Article
- Type I interferon-mediated tumor immunity and its role in immunotherapy.Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS · 2022Review
- Combination of Radiofrequency Ablation With Resiquimod to Treat Hepatocellular CarcinomaFrontiers in oncology · 2022Article
- TLR3 agonists: RGC100, ARNAX, and poly-IC: a comparative review.Immunologic research · 2021Review
- Intratumoral immunotherapy using platelet-cloaked nanoparticles enhances antitumor immunity in solid tumors.Nature communications · 2021Article
- Local Destruction of Tumors and Systemic Immune Effects.Frontiers in oncology · 2021Review
- Trial watch: TLR3 agonists in cancer therapy.Oncoimmunology · 2020Review
- Myeloid Differentiation Primary Response 88-Cyclin D1 Signaling in Breast Cancer Cells Regulates Toll-Like Receptor 3-Mediated Cell Proliferation.Frontiers in oncology · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
11 authors at 8 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are an evolutionarily conserved group of enzymatically inactive, single membrane-spanning proteins that recognize a wide panel of exogenous and endogenous danger signals. Besides constituting a crucial component of the innate immune response to bacterial and viral pathogens, TLRs appear to play a major role in anticancer immunosurveillance. In line with this notion, several natural and synthetic TLR ligands have been intensively investigated for their ability to boost tumor-targeting immune responses elicited by a variety of immunotherapeutic and chemotherapeutic interventions. Three of these agents are currently approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) or equivalent regulatory agencies for use in cancer patients: the so-called bacillus Calmette-Guérin, monophosphoryl lipid A, and imiquimod. However, the number of clinical trials testing the therapeutic potential of both FDA-approved and experimental TLR agonists in cancer patients is stably decreasing, suggesting that drug developers and oncologists are refocusing their interest on alternative immunostimulatory agents. Here, we summarize recent findings on the use of TLR agonists in cancer patients and discuss how the clinical evaluation of FDA-approved and experimental TLR ligands has evolved since the publication of our first Trial Watch dealing with this topic.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.