Observational studyThe Journal of infectious diseases2015
Cytomegalovirus coinfection is associated with an increased risk of severe non-AIDS-defining events in a large cohort of HIV-infected patients.
Observational study in The Journal of infectious diseases, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 118 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
118 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 178 citations in OpenAlex.
- Viral Infections and Risk of Cardiovascular Disease: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2025Pooled it
- Cytomegalovirus Infection in Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)-Exposed and HIV-Infected Infants: A Systematic Review.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2016Pooled it
- Unsuppressed Viremia and Lower CD4 Count Associated With Faster Telomere Attrition in African Children With Perinatal Human Immunodeficiency Virus on Long-term Antiretroviral Therapy.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2026Trial
- Cytotoxic CX3CR1+ Vδ1 T cells clonally expand in an interplay of CMV, microbiota, and HIV-1 persistence in people on antiretroviral therapy.PLoS pathogens · 2025Trial
- Incomplete ART adherence is associated with higher inflammation in individuals who achieved virologic suppression in the START study.Journal of the International AIDS Society · 2019Trial
- Adaptive Reconfiguration of Natural Killer Cells in HIV-1 Infection.Frontiers in immunology · 2018Trial
- Maternal Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy Reduces Vertical Cytomegalovirus Transmission But Does Not Reduce Breast Milk Cytomegalovirus Levels.AIDS research and human retroviruses · 2017Trial
- CMV IgG and EBV Cell-Associated DNA Independently Associate With Veterans Aging Cohort Study Index 2.0 Scores in People With HIV on ART.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Review
- Long-Acting Cabotegravir/Rilpivirine Reduces Immune-Activation and -Senescence in People With HIV With CMV Co-Infection.Immunology · 2026Article
- Co-regulation of HIV control and cytomegalovirus pp65-specific IL-1β and TNF-α responses by genetic variants in the MHC region.PLoS pathogens · 2026Article
- Immune non-response despite effective antiretroviral therapy in people living with HIV: A review of potential mechanisms, biomarkers and therapeutic approaches.HIV medicine · 2026Review
- Molecular signatures and causal factors underlying latent cytomegalovirus infection among people living with HIV (PLHIV).Nature communications · 2026Article
- Cytomegalovirus in HIV: A Modifiable Driver of Inflammation, Frailty, and Aging.Current HIV/AIDS reports · 2026Review
- The Long Shadow of Early HCMV-HIV Coinfection: Epidemiology, Pathogenesis, and Immune Consequences.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Quantitative measures of humanPhilosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences · 2025Article
- Cytomegalovirus anogenital ulcers in an immunosuppressed patient.JAAD case reports · 2025Article
- Emergence ofMicroorganisms · 2025Article
- Understanding residual risk of cardiovascular disease in people with HIV.Current opinion in HIV and AIDS · 2025Review
- Cytomegalovirus serostatus among people with HIV, characterizing the prevalence, risk factors, and association with immune recovery.HIV medicine · 2025Article
58 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
14 authors at 7 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundChronic cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection has been associated with immunosenescence and immunoactivation in the general population. In human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)-infected people, CMV coinfection, in addition to residual HIV replication and microbial translocation, has been proposed as a key factor in sustaining immune activation, even in individuals with a controlled HIV load.
methodsPatients from the ICONA Study with at least 1 CMV immunoglobulin G (IgG) test available without active CMV disease were included in the analysis. AIDS-defining event or AIDS-related death and severe non-AIDS-defining event or non-AIDS-related death were taken as clinical progression end points. Independent predictors of CMV were identified by multivariable logistic regression. Probabilities of reaching the end points were estimated by survival analyses.
resultsA total of 6111 subjects were included, of whom 5119 (83.3%) were CMV IgG positive at baseline. Patients with CMV IgG positivity at baseline were more likely to develop a severe non-AIDS-defining event/non-AIDS-related death (adjusted hazard ratio [HR], 1.53 [95% confidence interval {CI}, 1.08-2.16]. In particular, CMV seropositivity was an independent risk factor for cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases (adjusted HR, 2.27 [95% CI, .97-5.32]).
conclusionsIn our study population, CMV/HIV coinfection was associated with the risk of severe non-AIDS-defining events/non-AIDS-related death, especially with cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events, independently of other prognostic factors. This finding supports a potential independent role of CMV coinfection in vascular/degenerative organ disorders in HIV-infected subjects.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.