ArticleThe Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience2014
CNS repair requires both effector and regulatory T cells with distinct temporal and spatial profiles.
Article in The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 85 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
85 citing papers in PubMed, 158 citations in OpenAlex.
- Harnessing Regulatory T Cells to Modulate Acute Brain Injury: From Mechanisms to Therapy.Molecular neurobiology · 2026Review
- Extracellular matrix remodelling in neurological diseases.Nature reviews. Neurology · 2026Review
- Bi-directional communication between regulatory T cells and microglia promotes recovery from spinal cord injury.Neuron · 2025Article
- The Potential of β-Synuclein-Specific Regulatory T Cell Therapy as a Treatment for Progressive Multiple Sclerosis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- A Study on Prognostic Risk Factors of Cervical Spondylotic Myelopathy.Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society · 2025Article
- Immune Activation Following Spinal Cord Injury: A Review Focused on Inflammatory Changes in the Spinal Cord.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Angiogenic Cell Precursors and Neural Cell Precursors in Service to the Brain-Computer Interface.Cells · 2025Review
- Blueprints for healing: central nervous system regeneration in zebrafish and neonatal mice.BMC biology · 2025Review
- Functional tendon regeneration is driven by regulatory T cells and IL-33 signaling.Science advances · 2025Article
- Monocyte-derived macrophages act as reinforcements when microglia fall short in Alzheimer's disease.Nature neuroscience · 2025Review
- Machine learning-driven prediction model for cuproptosis-related genes in spinal cord injury: construction and experimental validation.Frontiers in neurology · 2025Article
- The interplay of inflammation and remyelination: rethinking MS treatment with a focus on oligodendrocyte progenitor cells.Molecular neurodegeneration · 2024Review
- Regulatory T lymphocytes in traumatic brain injury.Neurochemistry international · 2024Review
- The emerging importance of skull-brain interactions in traumatic brain injury.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
- Article
- A comprehensive look at the psychoneuroimmunoendocrinology of spinal cord injury and its progression: mechanisms and clinical opportunities.Military Medical Research · 2023Review
- The choroid plexus acts as an immune cell reservoir and brain entry site in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis.Fluids and barriers of the CNS · 2023Article
- Article
- Patients with Chronic Spinal Cord Injury and a Long Period of Evolution Exhibit an Altered Cytokine Production by CD4 and CD8 T Cell Populations.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Immunosenescence, Inflammaging, and Frailty: Role of Myeloid Cells in Age-Related Diseases.Clinical reviews in allergy & immunology · 2023Review
25 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Monocyte-derived macrophages (mo-MΦs) and T cells have been shown to contribute to spinal cord repair. Recently, the remote brain choroid plexus epithelium (CP) was identified as a portal for monocyte recruitment, and its activation for leukocyte trafficking was found to be IFN-γ-dependent. Here, we addressed how the need for effector T cells can be reconciled with the role of inflammation-resolving immune cells in the repair process. Using an acute spinal cord injury model, we show that in mice deficient in IFN-γ-producing T cells, the CP was not activated, and recruitment of inflammation-resolving mo-MΦ to the spinal cord parenchyma was limited. We further demonstrate that mo-MΦ locally regulated recruitment of thymic-derived Foxp3(+) regulatory T (Treg) cells to the injured spinal cord parenchyma at the subacute/chronic phase. Importantly, an ablation protocol that resulted in reduced Tregs at this stage interfered with tissue remodeling, in contrast to Treg transient ablation, restricted to the 4 d period before the injury, which favored repair. The enhanced functional recovery observed following such a controlled decrease of Tregs suggests that reduced systemic immunosuppression at the time of the insult can enhance CNS repair. Overall, our data highlight a dynamic immune cell network needed for repair, acting in discrete compartments and stages, and involving effector and regulatory T cells, interconnected by mo-MΦ. Any of these populations may be detrimental to the repair process if their level or activity become dysregulated. Accordingly, therapeutic interventions must be both temporally and spatially controlled.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.