ArticlePloS one2014
A correlate of HIV-1 control consisting of both innate and adaptive immune parameters best predicts viral load by multivariable analysis in HIV-1 infected viremic controllers and chronically-infected non-controllers.
Article in PloS one, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 21 citations in OpenAlex.
- Safety, Immune, and Antiviral Effects of Pegylated Interferon Alpha 2b Administration in Antiretroviral Therapy-Suppressed Individuals: Results of Pilot Clinical Trial.AIDS research and human retroviruses · 2021Trial
- HIV-1 bNAb Vaccinal Effect-An Underachieving Goal?Current HIV research · 2026Review
- Inhibition of TIGIT on NK cells improves their cytotoxicity and HIV reservoir eradication potential.mBio · 2025Article
- Increased Natural Killer (NK)-cell cytotoxicity and Trypanosoma cruzi-specific memory B cells in subjects with discordant serology for Chagas disease.Biochimica et biophysica acta. Molecular basis of disease · 2024Article
- Learning to Be Elite: Lessons From HIV-1 Controllers and Animal Models on Trained Innate Immunity and Virus Suppression.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Review
- Recommendations for measuring HIV reservoir size in cure-directed clinical trials.Nature medicine · 2020Review
- Higher prevalence of viral control in HIV-1-infected women in serodiscordant relationships.PloS one · 2018Article
- Association of Multiple Primary Skin Cancers With Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection, CD4 Count, and Viral Load.JAMA dermatology · 2017Article
- NKG2CClinical & translational immunology · 2017Article
- Cell-Mediated Immunity to Target the Persistent Human Immunodeficiency Virus Reservoir.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2017Review
- IFN-α augments natural killer-mediated antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity of HIV-1-infected autologous CD4+ T cells regardless of major histocompatibility complex class 1 downregulation.AIDS (London, England) · 2017Article
- Dendritic Cell Immune Responses in HIV-1 Controllers.Current HIV/AIDS reports · 2017Review
- Impaired human immunodeficiency virus type 1 replicative fitness in atypical viremic non-progressor individuals.AIDS research and therapy · 2017Article
- A Mature NK Profile at the Time of HIV Primary Infection Is Associated with an Early Response to cART.Frontiers in immunology · 2017Article
- Particular activation phenotype of T cells expressing HLA-DR but not CD38 in GALT from HIV-controllers is associated with immune regulation and delayed progression to AIDS.Immunologic research · 2016Article
- Lysis of HIV-1-infected autologous CD4+ primary T cells by interferon-alpha-activated NK cells requires NKp46 and NKG2D.AIDS (London, England) · 2015Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
HIV-1 infected viremic controllers maintain durable viral suppression below 2000 copies viral RNA/ml without anti-retroviral therapy (ART), and the immunological factor(s) associated with host control in presence of low but detectable viral replication are of considerable interest. Here, we utilized a multivariable analysis to identify which innate and adaptive immune parameters best correlated with viral control utilizing a cohort of viremic controllers (median 704 viral RNA/ml) and non-controllers (median 21,932 viral RNA/ml) that were matched for similar CD4+ T cell counts in the absence of ART. We observed that HIV-1 Gag-specific CD8+ T cell responses were preferentially targeted over Pol-specific responses in viremic controllers (p = 0.0137), while Pol-specific responses were positively associated with viral load (rho = 0.7753, p = 0.0001, n = 23). Viremic controllers exhibited significantly higher NK and plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDC) frequency as well as retained expression of the NK CD16 receptor and strong target cell-induced NK cell IFN-gamma production compared to non-controllers (p<0.05). Despite differences in innate and adaptive immune function however, both viremic controllers (p<0.05) and non-controller subjects (p<0.001) exhibited significantly increased CD8+ T cell activation and spontaneous NK cell degranulation compared to uninfected donors. Overall, we identified that a combination of innate (pDC frequency) and adaptive (Pol-specific CD8+ T cell responses) immune parameters best predicted viral load (R2 = 0.5864, p = 0.0021, n = 17) by a multivariable analysis. Together, this data indicates that preferential Gag-specific over Pol-specific CD8+ T cell responses along with a retention of functional innate subsets best predict host control over viral replication in HIV-1 infected viremic controllers compared to chronically-infected non-controllers.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.