ArticleJournal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999)2014
Cumulative HIV viremia and non-AIDS-defining malignancies among a sample of HIV-infected male veterans.
Article in Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999), 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 26 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
26 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 44 citations in OpenAlex.
- Systematic review on cumulative HIV viraemia among people living with HIV receiving antiretroviral treatment and its association with mortality and morbidity.International health · 2024Pooled it
- Immediate Antiretroviral Therapy Reduces Risk of Infection-Related Cancer During Early HIV Infection.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2016Trial
- HIV-1 Viremia and Cancer Risk in 2.8 Million People: The South African HIV Cancer Match Study.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2025Article
- Longitudinal Viral Load Clustering for People With HIV Using Functional Principal Component Analysis.AIDS research and treatment · 2025Article
- The Trends and Risk Factors of AIDS-Defining Cancers and Non-AIDS-Defining Cancers in Adults Living with and without HIV: A Narrative Review.Journal of cancer epidemiology · 2024Review
- Cumulative Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)-1 Viremia Is Associated With Increased Risk of Multimorbidity Among US Women With HIV, 1997-2019.Open forum infectious diseases · 2023Article
- A simple CD4+ T cells to FIB-4 ratio for evaluating prognosis of BCLC-B hepatocellular carcinoma: a retrospective cohort study.BMC cancer · 2022Article
- All-Cause Mortality and Serious Non-AIDS Events in Adults With Low-level Human Immunodeficiency Virus Viremia During Combination Antiretroviral Therapy: Results From a Swedish Nationwide Observational Study.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2021Observational
- Associations Between Plasma Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Ribonucleic Acid Levels and Incidence of Invasive Cancer in People With HIV After Initiation of Combination Antiretroviral Therapy.Open forum infectious diseases · 2021Article
- HIV RNA, CD4+ Percentage, and Risk of Hepatocellular Carcinoma by Cirrhosis Status.Journal of the National Cancer Institute · 2020Article
- Association of Immunosuppression and Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Viremia With Anal Cancer Risk in Persons Living With HIV in the United States and Canada.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2020Article
- Cumulative HIV Viremia Copy-Years and Hypertension in People Living with HIV.Current HIV research · 2020Article
- Bias in the estimation of cumulative viremia in cohort studies of HIV-infected individuals.Annals of epidemiology · 2019Article
- Risk and Predictors of Esophageal and Stomach Cancers in HIV-Infected Veterans: A Matched Cohort Study.Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) · 2019Article
- p17 from HIV induces brain endothelial cell angiogenesis through EGFR-1-mediated cell signalling activation.Laboratory investigation; a journal of technical methods and pathology · 2019Article
- Viremia copy-years and mortality among combination antiretroviral therapy-initiating HIV-positive individuals: how much viral load history is enough?AIDS (London, England) · 2018Article
- Association of Viral Suppression With Lower AIDS-Defining and Non-AIDS-Defining Cancer Incidence in HIV-Infected Veterans: A Prospective Cohort Study.Annals of internal medicine · 2018Article
- Are Non-HIV Malignancies Increased in the HIV-Infected Population?Current infectious disease reports · 2018Review
- Article
- Reevaluating Cumulative HIV-1 Viral Load as a Prognostic Predictor: Predicting Opportunistic Infection Incidence and Mortality in a Ugandan Cohort.American journal of epidemiology · 2016Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundResearch suggests that cumulative measurement of HIV exposure is associated with mortality, AIDS, and AIDS-defining malignancies. However, the relationship between cumulative HIV and non-AIDS-defining malignancies (NADMs) remains unclear. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of different HIV measures on NADM hazard among HIV-infected male veterans.
methodsWe performed a retrospective cohort study using Veterans Affairs HIV Clinical Case Registry data from 1985 to 2010. We analyzed the relationship between HIV exposure (recent HIV RNA, % undetectable HIV RNA, and HIV copy-years viremia) and NADM. To evaluate the effect of HIV, we calculated hazard ratios for 3 common virally associated NADM [ie, hepatocarcinoma (HCC), Hodgkin lymphoma (HL), and squamous cell carcinoma of the anus (SCCA)] in multivariable Cox regression models.
resultsAmong 31,576 HIV-infected male veterans, 383 HCC, 211 HL, and 373 SCCA cases were identified. In multivariable regression models, cross-sectional HIV measurement was not associated with NADM. However, compared with <20% undetectable HIV, individuals with ≥80% had decreased HL [adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) = 0.62; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.37 to 1.02] and SCCA (aHR = 0.64; 95% CI: 0.44 to 0.93). Conversely, each log10 increase in HIV copy-years was associated with elevated HL (aHR = 1.22; 95% CI: 1.06 to 1.40) and SCCA (aHR = 1.36; 95% CI: 1.21 to 1.52). Model fit was best with HIV copy-years. Cumulative HIV was not associated with HCC.
conclusionsCumulative HIV was associated with certain virally associated NADM (ie, HL and SCCA), independent of measured covariates. Findings underline the importance of early treatment initiation and durable medication adherence to reduce cumulative HIV burden. Future research should prioritize how to best apply cumulative HIV measures in screening for these cancers.
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