ReviewClinical journal of the American Society of Nephrology : CJASN2015
Urea and Ammonia Metabolism and the Control of Renal Nitrogen Excretion.
Review in Clinical journal of the American Society of Nephrology : CJASN, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 209 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
209 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 456 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effects of Curcumin/Turmeric Supplementation on Kidney Function in Individuals With Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomised Controlled Trials.Endocrinology, diabetes & metabolism · 2026Pooled it
- Effect of 3 Different Daily Protein Intakes in a 2-Meal Eating Pattern on Protein Turnover in Middle Age and Older Adults: A Randomized Controlled Trial.The Journal of nutrition · 2025Trial
- Effects of veverimer on serum bicarbonate and physical function in diabetic patients with chronic kidney disease and metabolic acidosis: subgroup analysis from a randomized, controlled trial.Nephrology, dialysis, transplantation : official publication of the European Dialysis and Transplant Association - European Renal Association · 2022Trial
- Effects of veverimer on serum bicarbonate and physical function in women with chronic kidney disease and metabolic acidosis: a subgroup analysis from a randomised, controlled trial.BMC nephrology · 2022Trial
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- Metabolic control by liver-kidney crosstalk and glucagon in health and disease.Nature reviews. Nephrology · 2026Review
- The SLC-ome of membrane transport: from molecular discovery to physiology and clinical applications.Physiological reviews · 2026Review
- Sex differences in renal acid-base regulation.Current opinion in nephrology and hypertension · 2026Review
- Uncoupling proximal tubule ammoniagenesis from bicarbonate generation byAmerican journal of physiology. Renal physiology · 2026Article
- Urinary Biomarkers for the Risk Assessment and Management of Heart Failure: Pearls and Pitfalls.Current heart failure reports · 2026Review
- Comparative Adaptive Mechanisms of Two Indigenous Goat Genetic Resources Under Simulated Water Scarcity.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2026Article
- Minimal Hepatic Encephalopathy: A Narrative Review.Cureus · 2026Review
- Deleterious in vitro effects of ammonia and accumulated urea cycle amino acids on leukocyte DNA: assessment of the antioxidant effects of N-acetylcysteine and L-carnitine.Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2026Article
- Amino acid homeostasis in the kidney: Physiological roles and pathological dysregulation.Physiological reports · 2026Review
- Evaluation of Adaptive, Productive and Reproductive Performance of Boran Dairy Breed in the Lowland Agro-Ecology of Kaffa Zone, South-Western Ethiopia.Veterinary medicine and science · 2026Article
- High-Protein Diet Combined WithFood science & nutrition · 2026Article
- Linkage of gut microbiota dysbiosis to chronic kidney disease in patients with graded proteinuria levels.Microbiology spectrum · 2026Article
149 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Renal nitrogen metabolism primarily involves urea and ammonia metabolism, and is essential to normal health. Urea is the largest circulating pool of nitrogen, excluding nitrogen in circulating proteins, and its production changes in parallel to the degradation of dietary and endogenous proteins. In addition to serving as a way to excrete nitrogen, urea transport, mediated through specific urea transport proteins, mediates a central role in the urine concentrating mechanism. Renal ammonia excretion, although often considered only in the context of acid-base homeostasis, accounts for approximately 10% of total renal nitrogen excretion under basal conditions, but can increase substantially in a variety of clinical conditions. Because renal ammonia metabolism requires intrarenal ammoniagenesis from glutamine, changes in factors regulating renal ammonia metabolism can have important effects on glutamine in addition to nitrogen balance. This review covers aspects of protein metabolism and the control of the two major molecules involved in renal nitrogen excretion: urea and ammonia. Both urea and ammonia transport can be altered by glucocorticoids and hypokalemia, two conditions that also affect protein metabolism. Clinical conditions associated with altered urine concentrating ability or water homeostasis can result in changes in urea excretion and urea transporters. Clinical conditions associated with altered ammonia excretion can have important effects on nitrogen balance.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.