ReviewMucosal immunology2014
Classical versus alternative macrophage activation: the Ying and the Yang in host defense against pulmonary fungal infections.
Review in Mucosal immunology, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 115 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
115 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- The impact of bariatric surgery on male sexual function: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Pooled it
- Th2 skewing in patients with disseminated coccidioidomycosis.JCI insight · 2026Article
- Non-viral TcBuster transposon engineering of CD70-CAR natural killer cells for the treatment of osteosarcoma.Molecular therapy. Oncology · 2026Article
- Monocyte-derived macrophages and their roles in ischemic stroke.Journal of cerebral blood flow and metabolism : official journal of the International Society of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism · 2026Review
- Dual NLRC4 and non-canonical inflammasome signaling drives human GSDMD-mediated killing ofbioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Metabolic reprogramming, macrophage polarization, and intercellular crosstalk in pelvic inflammatory disease: emerging paradigms and therapeutic opportunities.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Adjunct EF-M2 therapy improves clinical activity, steroid-sparing, and macrophage-linked biomarkers in feline chronic enteropathy: A randomized, double-blind, and placebo-controlled trial.Veterinary world · 2025Article
- B cells induced regulatory T cells attenuated the classical M1 polarization of mouse bone marrow-derived macrophages.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Type-2 immune skewing in patients with disseminated coccidioidomycosis.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2025Article
- Erchen Decoction Offers Health Benefits in Regulating Obesity: Component Analysis, Network Pharmacology, and Experiment Verification.Food science & nutrition · 2025Article
- Article
- Immune responses of different hosts toEuropean respiratory review : an official journal of the European Respiratory Society · 2025Review
- Cerebrospinal Fluid Cytokines and Chemokines Involved in Cytotoxic Cell Function and Risk of Acute 14-Day Mortality in Persons with Advanced HIV and Cryptococcal Meningitis.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Article
- Cryptococcal infection: host immunity, immune evasion and emerging immunotherapeutic strategies.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2025Review
- Article
- Acetylation of TIR domains in the TLR4-Mal-MyD88 complex regulates immune responses in sepsis.The EMBO journal · 2024Article
- Macrophage fate: to kill or not to kill?Infection and immunity · 2024Review
- ClinOleic Impairs ROS Production and Phagocytosis in M1 Macrophages Without Affecting M1 Differentiation.Cell biochemistry and biophysics · 2024Article
- Card9 Broadly Regulates Host Immunity against Experimental PulmonaryJournal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
55 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Macrophages are innate immune cells that possess unique abilities to polarize toward different phenotypes. Classically activated macrophages are known to have major roles in host defense against various microbial pathogens, including fungi, while alternatively activated macrophages are instrumental in immune-regulation and wound healing. Macrophages in the lungs are often the first responders to pulmonary fungal pathogens, and the macrophage polarization state has the potential to be a deciding factor in disease progression or resolution. This review discusses the distinct macrophage polarization states and their roles during pulmonary fungal infection. We focus primarily on Cryptococcus neoformans and Pneumocystis model systems as disease resolution of these two opportunistic fungal pathogens is linked to classically or alternatively activated macrophages, respectively. Further research considering macrophage polarization states that result in anti-fungal activity has the potential to provide a novel approach for the treatment of fungal infections.
Indexed as
Identifiers
25073676What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.