ArticlePloS one2014
Intraoperative near-infrared imaging can distinguish cancer from normal tissue but not inflammation.
Article in PloS one, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 90 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
90 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 138 citations in OpenAlex.
- Fluorescence imaging for real-time detection of breast cancer tumors using IV injection of indocyanine green with non-conventional imaging: a systematic review of preclinical and clinical studies of perioperative imaging technologies.Breast cancer research and treatment · 2024Pooled it
- Roles of mitochondrial fusion and fission in breast cancer progression: a systematic review.World journal of surgical oncology · 2022Pooled it
- Feasibility of indocyanine green-guided localization of pulmonary nodules in children with solid tumors.Pediatric blood & cancer · 2023Trial
- Intraoperative Near-Infrared Optical Contrast Can Localize Brain Metastases.World neurosurgery · 2017Trial
- The Optical Biopsy: A Novel Technique for Rapid Intraoperative Diagnosis of Primary Pulmonary Adenocarcinomas.Annals of surgery · 2015Trial
- Intraoperative molecular imaging can identify lung adenocarcinomas during pulmonary resection.The Journal of thoracic and cardiovascular surgery · 2015Trial
- Fluorescence-Guided Surgery of Rhabdomyosarcoma Using a B7-H3 Targeted Antibody-Fluorophore Conjugate.Molecular pharmaceutics · 2026Article
- Translation of Intraoperative Molecular Imaging for Clinical Use.Journal of nuclear medicine : official publication, Society of Nuclear Medicine · 2026Review
- Near-Infrared Imaging in Small Animal Surgical Oncology: Current Applications and Future Directions.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2026Review
- Fluorescence Discrimination of Cancer from Inflammation by Selective Targeting Folate Receptor α.Chemical & biomedical imaging · 2026Article
- Near-Infrared Imaging Using a Cathepsin-Targeted, Quenched Activity-Based Probe Identifies Naturally Occurring Canine Appendicular Osteosarcoma.Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research · 2026Article
- Polarisation-Sensitive Optical Coherence Tomography for Surgical Margin Evaluation and Diagnosis of Excised Canine Cutaneous and Subcutaneous Tumours.Veterinary and comparative oncology · 2026Article
- Label-free fluorescence lifetime imaging can distinguish cancer from healthy tissue in spontaneously occurring canine oral tumors.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Biophotonics in veterinary medicine: current clinical applications, translational challenges, and emerging opportunities.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2026Article
- Targeted near-infrared imaging utilizing a cathepsin-activated fluorophore for the intraoperative detection of canine insulinoma.PloS one · 2026Article
- Assessment of Augmented Reality Glasses for Spatial Tracking and Intraoperative Annotation in Veterinary Surgery.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Near-Infrared Fluorescence for Precision Breast Surgery in Nonpalpable Lesions: A Case Report.Cureus · 2025Article
- Article
- Utilization of indocyanine green for intraoperative sentinel lymph node mapping in canine mammary tumors.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Detection properties of indium-111 and IRDye800CW for intraoperative molecular imaging use across tissue phantom models.Journal of biomedical optics · 2025Article
30 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
13 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
introductionDefining tumor from non-tumor tissue is one of the major challenges of cancer surgery. Surgeons depend on visual and tactile clues to select which tissues should be removed from a patient. Recently, we and others have hypothesized near-infrared (NIR) imaging can be used during surgery to differentiate tumors from normal tissue.
methodsWe enrolled 8 canines and 5 humans undergoing cancer surgery for NIR imaging. The patients were injected with indocyanine green (ICG), an FDA approved non-receptor specific NIR dye that accumulates in hyperpermeable tissues, 16-24 hours prior to surgery. During surgery, NIR imaging was used to discriminate the tumor from non-tumor tissue.
resultsNIR imaging identified all tumors with a mean signal-to-background ratio of 6.7. Optical images were useful during surgery in discriminating normal tissue from cancer. In 3 canine cases and 1 human case, the tissue surrounding the tumor was inflamed due to obstruction of the vascular supply due to mass effect. In these instances, NIR imaging could not distinguish tumor tissue from tissue that was congested, edematous and did not contain cancer.
conclusionsThis study shows that NIR imaging can identify tumors from normal tissues, provides excellent tissue contrast, and it facilitates the resection of tumors. However, in situations where there is significant peritumoral inflammation, NIR imaging with ICG is not helpful. This suggests that non-targeted NIR dyes that accumulate in hyperpermeable tissues will have significant limitations in the future, and receptor-specific NIR dyes may be necessary to overcome this problem.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.