ArticlePloS one2014
Selective androgen receptor modulators (SARMs) negatively regulate triple-negative breast cancer growth and epithelial:mesenchymal stem cell signaling.
Article in PloS one, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 38 papers.
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Who cites it
38 citing papers in PubMed, 70 citations in OpenAlex.
- A Phase II Clinical Trial of Pembrolizumab and Enobosarm in Patients with Androgen Receptor-Positive Metastatic Triple-Negative Breast Cancer.The oncologist · 2021Trial
- Beyond conventional therapies: the evolution of targeted agents and immunotherapies in triple-negative breast cancer.Acta pharmacologica Sinica · 2026Review
- Selective Androgen Receptor Modulators in Women: What Do We Know, and What Is Still Missing.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Exploring Cutting-Edge Strategies for the Management of Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Through Drug Repurposing.Current topics in medicinal chemistry · 2026Review
- Current Status and Advances in Anti-Androgen Therapy for Triple-Negative Breast Cancer.Current medical science · 2025Review
- Looking beyond the ER, PR, and HER2: what's new in the ARsenal for combating breast cancer?Reproductive biology and endocrinology : RB&E · 2025Review
- Unveiling the Potential of S4 on Non-small Cell Lung Cancer Cells: Impact on Proliferation, Apoptosis, Senescence, and Metabolome Profile.Anti-cancer agents in medicinal chemistry · 2025Article
- A molecular switch from tumor suppressor to oncogene in ER+ve breast cancer: Role of androgen receptor, JAK-STAT, and lineage plasticity.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2024Article
- Novel Treatment Strategies for Hormone Receptor (HR)-Positive, HER2-Negative Metastatic Breast Cancer.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Review
- Small molecule conjugates with selective estrogen receptorActa pharmaceutica Sinica. B · 2024Article
- Treatments Targeting the Androgen Receptor and Its Splice Variants in Breast Cancer.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Review
- To block or not to block-hormonal signaling in the treatment of cancers.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2023Review
- Androgen receptor function and targeted therapeutics across breast cancer subtypes.Breast cancer research : BCR · 2022Review
- Hormonal Homologies between Canine Mammary Cancer and Human Breast Cancer in a Series of Cases.Veterinary sciences · 2022Article
- The Signaling Pathways Associated With Breast Cancer Bone Metastasis.Frontiers in oncology · 2022Review
- Intrinsic Subtypes and Androgen Receptor Gene Expression in Primary Breast Cancer. A Meta-Analysis.Biology · 2021Review
- Selective androgen receptor modulators activate the canonical prostate cancer androgen receptor program and repress cancer growth.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2021Article
- Obesity and Androgen Receptor Signaling: Associations and Potential Crosstalk in Breast Cancer Cells.Cancers · 2021Review
- Drug Repurposing for Triple-Negative Breast Cancer.Journal of personalized medicine · 2020Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionThe androgen receptor (AR) is the most highly expressed steroid receptor in breast cancer with 75-95% of estrogen receptor (ER)-positive and 40-70% of ER-negative breast cancers expressing AR. Though historically breast cancers were treated with steroidal androgens, their use fell from favor because of their virilizing side effects and the emergence of tamoxifen. Nonsteroidal, tissue selective androgen receptor modulators (SARMs) may provide a novel targeted approach to exploit the therapeutic benefits of androgen therapy in breast cancer. MATERIALS AND
methodsSince MDA-MB-453 triple-negative breast cancer cells express mutated AR, PTEN, and p53, MDA-MB-231 triple-negative breast cancer cells stably expressing wildtype AR (MDA-MB-231-AR) were used to evaluate the in vitro and in vivo anti-proliferative effects of SARMs. Microarray analysis and epithelial:mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) co-culture signaling studies were performed to understand the mechanisms of action.
resultsDihydrotestosterone and SARMs, but not bicalutamide, inhibited the proliferation of MDA-MB-231-AR. The SARMs reduced the MDA-MB-231-AR tumor growth and tumor weight by greater than 90%, compared to vehicle-treated tumors. SARM treatment inhibited the intratumoral expression of genes and pathways that promote breast cancer development through its actions on the AR. SARM treatment also inhibited the metastasis-promoting paracrine factors, IL6 and MMP13, and subsequent migration and invasion of epithelial:MSC co-cultures.
conclusion1. AR stimulation inhibits paracrine factors that are important for MSC interactions and breast cancer invasion and metastasis. 2. SARMs may provide promise as novel targeted therapies to treat AR-positive triple-negative breast cancer.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.