Trial reportAnnals of the American Thoracic Society2014
Beyond cigarettes per day. A genome-wide association study of the biomarker carbon monoxide.
Trial report in Annals of the American Thoracic Society, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
24 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 37 citations in OpenAlex.
- Use of polygenic risk scores of nicotine metabolism in predicting smoking behaviors.Pharmacogenomics · 2018Pooled it
- Pathways to smoking behaviours: biological insights from the Tobacco and Genetics Consortium meta-analysis.Molecular psychiatry · 2017Pooled it
- Genetic Risk Can Be Decreased: Quitting Smoking Decreases and Delays Lung Cancer for Smokers With High and Low CHRNA5 Risk Genotypes - A Meta-Analysis.EBioMedicine · 2016Pooled it
- Rare, low frequency and common coding variants in CHRNA5 and their contribution to nicotine dependence in European and African Americans.Molecular psychiatry · 2016Pooled it
- CHRNA5 risk variant predicts delayed smoking cessation and earlier lung cancer diagnosis--a meta-analysis.Journal of the National Cancer Institute · 2015Pooled it
- Racial disparities in intensity of smoke exposure and nicotine intake among low-dependence smokers.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2021Trial
- Resting-state functional connectivity and structural differences between smokers and healthy non-smokers.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Effects of Menthol Flavor Cigarettes or Total Urinary Menthol on Biomarkers of Nicotine and Carcinogenic Exposure and Behavioral Measures.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2019Article
- Common and Rare Variants Genetic Association Analysis of Cigarettes per Day Among Ever-Smokers in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Cases and Controls.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2019Article
- Pathways to precision medicine in smoking cessation treatments.Neuroscience letters · 2018Review
- The Value of Biosamples in Smoking Cessation Trials: A Review of Genetic, Metabolomic, and Epigenetic Findings.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2018Review
- Human Genetics of Addiction: New Insights and Future Directions.Current psychiatry reports · 2018Review
- Preparing the Way: Exploiting Genomic Medicine to Stop Smoking.Trends in molecular medicine · 2018Review
- Nicotine dependence is associated with functional variation in FMO3, an enzyme that metabolizes nicotine in the brain.The pharmacogenomics journal · 2018Article
- Pharmacogenetic study of seven polymorphisms in three nicotinic acetylcholine receptor subunits in smoking-cessation therapies.Scientific reports · 2017Article
- Genetics of addictive behavior: the example of nicotine dependence.Dialogues in clinical neuroscience · 2017Review
- A Novel Tobacco Use Phenotype Suggests the 15q25 and 19q13 Loci May be Differentially Associated With Cigarettes per Day and Tobacco-Related Problems.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2017Article
- The Effect of Different Case Definitions of Current Smoking on the Discovery of Smoking-Related Blood Gene Expression Signatures in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2016Article
- Which measures of cigarette dependence are predictors of smoking cessation during pregnancy? Analysis of data from a randomized controlled trial.Addiction (Abingdon, England) · 2016Article
- Genome-wide association study confirms lung cancer susceptibility loci on chromosomes 5p15 and 15q25 in an African-American population.Lung cancer (Amsterdam, Netherlands) · 2016Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
13 authors at 5 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
rationaleThe CHRNA5-CHRNA3-CHRNB4 locus is associated with self-reported smoking behavior and also harbors the strongest genetic associations with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and lung cancer. Because the associations with lung disease remain after adjustment for self-reported smoking behaviors, it has been asserted that CHRNA5-CHRNA3-CHRNB4 variants increase COPD and lung cancer susceptibility independently of their effects on smoking.
objectivesTo compare the genetic associations of exhaled carbon monoxide (CO), a biomarker of current cigarette exposure, with self-reported smoking behaviors.
methodsA total of 1,521 European American and 247 African American current smokers recruited into smoking cessation studies were assessed for CO at intake before smoking cessation. DNA samples were genotyped using the Illumina Omni2.5 microarray. Genetic associations with CO and smoking behaviors (cigarettes smoked per day, Fagerstrom test for nicotine dependence) were studied. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN
resultsVariants in the CHRNA5-CHRNA3-CHRNB4 locus, including rs16969968, a nonsynonymous variant in CHRNA5, are genomewide association study-significantly associated with CO (β = 2.66; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.74-3.58; P = 1.65 × 10(-8)), and this association remains strong after adjusting for smoking behavior (β = 2.18; 95% CI, 1.32-3.04; P = 7.47 × 10(-7)). The correlation between CO and cigarettes per day is statistically significantly lower (z = 3.43; P = 6.07 × 10(-4)) in African Americans (r = 0.14; 95% CI, 0.02-0.26; P = 0.003) than in European-Americans (r = 0.36; 95% CI, 0.31-0.40; P = 0.0001).
conclusionsExhaled CO, a biomarker that is simple to measure, captures aspects of cigarette smoke exposure in current smokers beyond the number of cigarettes smoked per day. Behavioral measures of smoking are therefore insufficient indices of cigarette smoke exposure, suggesting that genetic associations with COPD or lung cancer that persist after adjusting for self-reported smoking behavior may still reflect genetic effects on smoking exposure.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.