Evidence map›Paper›PMID 25071173›Full record

ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2014

Bacillus subtilis chromosome organization oscillates between two distinct patterns.

Xindan Wang, Paula Montero Llopis, David Z Rudner

Open access · bronzeAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 79 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
79citing papers in PubMed
8.2field-weighted citation impact, top 2% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

79 citing papers in PubMed, 128 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. "ThebioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026
    Article
  4. Exploring the energy landscape of bacterial chromosome segregation.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026
    Article
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. 3D pattern formation of a protein-membrane suspension.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025
    Article
  9. Article
  10. Physical models of bacterial chromosomes.Molecular microbiology · 2025
    Review
  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. Article
  16. Robust ParB Binding to Half-International journal of molecular sciences · 2023
    Article
  17. Article
  18. Article
  19. Article
  20. Chromosome remodelling by SMC/Condensin inProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2022
    Article

19 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Xindan WangDepartment of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115.
Paula Montero LlopisDepartment of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115.
David Z RudnerDepartment of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115 rudner@hms.harvard.edu.
Harvard University · US

Funding

Chromosome Dynamics in Bacillus SubtillsR01GM086466 · NIGMS · HARVARD MEDICAL SCHOOL · PI RUDNER, DAVID Z · 2009 to 2021
$4.2M
Membrane Remodeling and Protein Trafficking in BacteriaR01GM073831 · NIGMS · HARVARD UNIVERSITY (MEDICAL SCHOOL) · PI RUDNER, DAVID Z · 2005 to 2014
$3.4M
NIGMS NIH HHS GM073831NIGMS NIH HHS GM086466NIGMS NIH HHS R01 GM073831NIGMS NIH HHS R01 GM086466
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Bacterial chromosomes have been found to possess one of two distinct patterns of spatial organization. In the first, called "ori-ter" and exemplified by Caulobacter crescentus, the chromosome arms lie side-by-side, with the replication origin and terminus at opposite cell poles. In the second, observed in slow-growing Escherichia coli ("left-ori-right"), the two chromosome arms reside in separate cell halves, on either side of a centrally located origin. These two patterns, rotated 90° relative to each other, appear to result from different segregation mechanisms. Here, we show that the Bacillus subtilis chromosome alternates between them. For most of the cell cycle, newly replicated origins are maintained at opposite poles with chromosome arms adjacent to each other, in an ori-ter configuration. Shortly after replication initiation, the duplicated origins move as a unit to midcell and the two unreplicated arms resolve into opposite cell halves, generating a left-ori-right pattern. The origins are then actively segregated toward opposite poles, resetting the cycle. Our data suggest that the condensin complex and the parABS partitioning system are the principal driving forces underlying this oscillatory cycle. We propose that the distinct organization patterns observed for bacterial chromosomes reflect a common organization-segregation mechanism, and that simple modifications to it underlie the unique patterns observed in different species.

Indexed as

Adenosine TriphosphatasesBacillus subtilisBacterial ProteinsCaulobacter crescentusChromosomes, BacterialChromosome SegregationDiploidyDNA-Binding ProteinsDNA ReplicationMultiprotein ComplexesReplication OriginAdenosine TriphosphatasesBacterial Proteinscondensin complexesDNA-Binding ProteinsMultiprotein Complexeschromosome segregationDNA replicationParASMC condensin

Identifiers

PMID25071173
PMCPMC4156703
OpenAlexW2088274418

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.