ArticleJournal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology2014
Prognostic value of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes in triple-negative breast cancers from two phase III randomized adjuvant breast cancer trials: ECOG 2197 and ECOG 1199.
Article in Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT04368468 (Study of the Modifications of the Immune Microenvironment Induced by Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy in Triple-negative Breast Cancers), which is not on this map. Cited by 735 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Study of the Modifications of the Immune Microenvironment Induced by Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy in Triple-negative Breast Cancers
Who cites it
735 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 1,327 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pioneering precision: a systematic review on exploring the frontier of breast cancer detection with DNA nanostructures.Medical oncology (Northwood, London, England) · 2025Pooled it
- Identifying subgroups deriving the most benefit from PD-1 checkpoint inhibition plus chemotherapy in advanced metastatic triple-negative breast cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis.World journal of surgical oncology · 2024Pooled it
- PD-L1 expression as biomarker of efficacy of PD-1/PD-L1 checkpoint inhibitors in metastatic triple negative breast cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Pooled it
- T-cell immune checkpoint inhibition plus hypomethylation for locally advanced HER2-negative breast cancer: a phase 2 neoadjuvant window trial of decitabine and pembrolizumab followed by standard neoadjuvant chemotherapy.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2025Trial
- Integrating Tumor-Intrinsic and Immunologic Factors to Identify Immunogenic Breast Cancers from a Low-Risk Cohort: Results from the Randomized SweBCG91RT Trial.Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research · 2023Trial
- A phase II single arm study of Nivolumab with stereotactic Ablative radiation Therapy after induction chemotherapy in CHOlangiocarcinoma (NATCHO).BMC cancer · 2022Trial
- On-Treatment NLR Dynamics During CDK4/6 Inhibition Are Associated with Overall Survival in Metastatic Breast Cancer.Cancers · 2026Article
- Artificial intelligence-based tumour infiltrating lymphocyte quantification in patients with triple-negative breast cancer: an independent validation study.The Lancet. Oncology · 2026Article
- Current and future therapies for triple-negative breast cancer.Journal of hematology & oncology · 2026Review
- Integrative systems biology identifies PSMB2 as a core oxidative stress-associated target in triple-negative breast cancer.Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2026Article
- Tumor-Intrinsic DNA Damage Signaling Is Associated with MHC-I Expression and CD8 Cytotoxic T-Cell Engagement in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer.Current issues in molecular biology · 2026Article
- Harnessing immunity against breast cancer: from checkpoints to cell therapies.Journal of translational medicine · 2026Review
- Targeting DNA Polymerase Epsilon Induces Tumor Clearance and Activates an NF-κB-Mediated Inflammatory Response in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer.Cancer research · 2026Article
- Multi-omic Profiling of Recurrence Risk Across Breast Cancer Subtypes.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2026Article
- High TRIM28 Expression Defines an Aggressive, Immune-Cold Phenotype with Worse Survival Outcomes in ERα-Positive Breast Cancer.Biomedicines · 2026Article
- Association of baseline tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes and cell-cycle regulation markers on prognosis and mortality in patients with advanced breast cancer according to tumor characteristics and treatment type: an observational study.Breast cancer research and treatment · 2026Observational
- Identification of a prognostic model using immune related genes combined with tumour mutational burden and T cell infiltration in triple-negative breast cancer.Oncology letters · 2026Article
- Analysis of computational tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes in breast cancer from the results of the TIGER challenge.Nature communications · 2026Article
- QuTILs: Open-Source Image-Based Infiltrating Immune Cell Detection for Research Application.Research square · 2026Article
- Estimating tumour immune infiltration: methodological convergence across histology and spatial technologies.Briefings in bioinformatics · 2026Review
675 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
16 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
purposeRecent studies suggest that tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) are associated with disease-free (DFS) and overall survival (OS) in operable triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). We seek to validate the prognostic impact of TILs in primary TNBCs in two adjuvant phase III trials conducted by the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG). PATIENTS AND
methodsFull-face hematoxylin and eosin–stained sections of 506 tumors from ECOG trials E2197 and E1199 were evaluated for density of TILs in intraepithelial (iTILs) and stromal compartments (sTILs). Patient cases of TNBC from E2197 and E1199 were randomly selected based on availability of sections. For the primary end point of DFS, association with TIL scores was determined by fitting proportional hazards models stratified on study. Secondary end points were OS and distant recurrence–free interval (DRFI). Reporting recommendations for tumor marker prognostic studies criteria were followed, and all analyses were prespecified.
resultsThe majority of 481 evaluable cancers had TILs (sTILs, 80%; iTILs, 15%). With a median follow-up of 10.6 years, higher sTIL scores were associated with better prognosis; for every 10% increase in sTILs, a 14% reduction of risk of recurrence or death (P = .02), 18% reduction of risk of distant recurrence (P = .04), and 19% reduction of risk of death (P = .01) were observed. Multivariable analysis confirmed sTILs to be an independent prognostic marker of DFS, DRFI, and OS.
conclusionIn two national randomized clinical trials using contemporary adjuvant chemotherapy, we confirm that stromal lymphocytic infiltration constitutes a robust prognostic factor in TNBCs. Studies assessing outcomes and therapeutic efficacies should consider stratification for this parameter.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.