ArticleClinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America2014
A decade of herd protection after introduction of meningococcal serogroup C conjugate vaccination.
Article in Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 41 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
41 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 86 citations in OpenAlex.
- Systematic literature review of the impact and effectiveness of monovalent meningococcal C conjugated vaccines when used in routine immunization programs.BMC public health · 2020Pooled it
- Quadrivalent meningococcal tetanus toxoid-conjugate booster vaccination in adolescents and adults: phase III randomized study.Pediatric research · 2023Trial
- Comparing the meningococcal serogroup C immune response elicited by a tetanus toxoid conjugate quadrivalent meningococcal vaccine (MenACYW-TT) versus a quadrivalent or monovalent C tetanus toxoid conjugate meningococcal vaccine in healthy meningococcal vaccine-naïve toddlers: A randomised, controlled trial.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2022Trial
- Trial
- Agglutination by anti-capsular polysaccharide antibody is associated with protection against experimental human pneumococcal carriage.Mucosal immunology · 2017Trial
- Genomic and evolutionary insights into a novelMicrobial genomics · 2026Article
- Longitudinal Cohort Event Monitoring of MMR and DT-IPV Vaccination at 9 Years of Age in The Netherlands.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Hemodynamic and neurological presentations of invasive meningococcal disease in adults: a nationwide study across 100+ French ICUs : The RETRO-MENINGO study.Intensive care medicine · 2025Article
- Epidemiology, clinical features and outcome of adults with meningococcal meningitis: a 15-year prospective nationwide cohort study.The Lancet regional health. Europe · 2023Article
- Preventing invasive meningococcal disease in early infancy.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2022Review
- Pathogen- and Type-Specific Changes in Invasive Bacterial Disease Epidemiology during the First Year of the COVID-19 Pandemic in The Netherlands.Microorganisms · 2022Article
- Evolving strategies for meningococcal vaccination in Europe: Overview and key determinants for current and future considerations.Pathogens and global health · 2022Review
- Exploring the Ability of Meningococcal Vaccines to Elicit Mucosal Immunity: Insights from Humans and Mice.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Review
- Bacterial Meningitis in Children: Neurological Complications, Associated Risk Factors, and Prevention.Microorganisms · 2021Review
- Herd Protection against Meningococcal Disease through Vaccination.Microorganisms · 2020Review
- Different Long-Term Duration of Seroprotection againstVaccines · 2020Article
- Vaccines against Meningococcal Diseases.Microorganisms · 2020Review
- Pharyngeal carriage rates of Neisseria meningitidis in health care professionals at a tertiary university pediatric hospital.European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases : official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology · 2020Article
- Low seroprotection rate for meningococcus serogroup C in the adult HIV-1-infected population in Austria.Wiener klinische Wochenschrift · 2020Article
- Critical care management of infectious meningitis and encephalitis.Intensive care medicine · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
- Commented on by
Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundVaccination with meningococcal serogroup C (MenC) conjugate (MCC) polysaccharide vaccines led to a substantial decline in MenC disease in the vaccinated and the unvaccinated population. The decline in the unvaccinated population can be explained by herd protection by reduced colonization of meningococci expressing the MenC capsule. The duration of such herd protection is unknown.
methodsIn a nationwide study from the Netherlands, we compared MenC invasive disease between 1998 and the introduction of MCC vaccination (2002) with that from 2002 to 2012, in age groups eligible and not eligible for vaccination. The proportions of isolates from clonal complexes with high serogroup C capsule expression rate during carriage (sequence type [ST] 11 and ST-8 complex) was compared between the pre- and postvaccination periods.
resultsA total of 814 patients with invasive MenC disease were included for analysis. There was a 99% decline in MenC disease in patients eligible for vaccination and a 93% decline in those not eligible. Thirty-six percent of the overall MenC reduction between the first and last 4 years of the observation period occurred in the unvaccinated population. Clonal complex was determined in 350 (43%) isolates. The proportion of cases caused by clonal complex ST-11 and ST-8 serogroup C meningococci decreased from 251 of 268 (94%) before, to 46 of 57 (81%) after MCC vaccine introduction (P = .004).
conclusionsOur findings provide further evidence that herd protection results from reduced carriage of virulent meningococci. Herd protection was responsible for >36% of MCC vaccine impact and lasted for ≥10 years.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.