SynthesisHypertension (Dallas, Tex. : 1979)2014
Visit-to-visit variability of blood pressure and cardiovascular disease and all-cause mortality: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Synthesis in Hypertension (Dallas, Tex. : 1979), 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 107 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
107 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 225 citations in OpenAlex.
- Association Between Blood Pressure Variability and Cerebral Small-Vessel Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2020Pooled it
- The Japanese Society of Hypertension Guidelines for the Management of Hypertension (JSH 2019).Hypertension research : official journal of the Japanese Society of Hypertension · 2019Guideline
- Blood pressure variability and cardiovascular disease: systematic review and meta-analysis.BMJ (Clinical research ed.) · 2016Pooled it
- Cilostazol Contributes to Risk Reduction of Stroke Recurrence without Mediating a Reduction of Blood Pressure: Results from CSPS.com.Journal of atherosclerosis and thrombosis · 2026Trial
- Blood pressure variability predicts adverse events and cardiovascular outcomes in SPRINT.Journal of clinical hypertension (Greenwich, Conn.) · 2018Trial
- Visit-to-Visit Office Blood Pressure Variability and Cardiovascular Outcomes in SPRINT (Systolic Blood Pressure Intervention Trial).Hypertension (Dallas, Tex. : 1979) · 2017Trial
- China Stroke Primary Prevention Trial: Visit-to-Visit Systolic Blood Pressure Variability Is an Independent Predictor of Primary Stroke in Hypertensive Patients.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2017Trial
- The Association Between Antihypertensive Medication Nonadherence and Visit-to-Visit Variability of Blood Pressure: Findings From the Antihypertensive and Lipid-Lowering Treatment to Prevent Heart Attack Trial.Hypertension (Dallas, Tex. : 1979) · 2016Trial
- Effect of Visit-to-Visit Variation of Heart Rate and Systolic Blood Pressure on Outcomes in Chronic Systolic Heart Failure: Results From the Systolic Heart Failure Treatment With the If Inhibitor Ivabradine Trial (SHIFT) Trial.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2016Trial
- Blood pressure variability and frailty: mechanisms, evidence, and clinical implications.International urology and nephrology · 2026Review
- Very short-term blood pressure variability by pulse transit time-based measurements during night-time predicts future cardiovascular events in patients with ischemic heart disease.Clinical research in cardiology : official journal of the German Cardiac Society · 2026Article
- Independent and synergistic associations of cumulative body roundness index and its variability with fragility fracture risk.Lipids in health and disease · 2026Article
- Visit-to-visit blood pressure variability, brain MRI measures, and cognition in non-demented older adults.Hypertension research : official journal of the Japanese Society of Hypertension · 2026Article
- Serum ferritin critical threshold fluctuations predict antipsychotic treatment discontinuation in pediatric Tic disorders: a retrospective cohort study.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2026Article
- To be (IIb), or not to be (IIb) - That is the current status of cuffless blood pressure monitoring device.Clinical hypertension · 2026Review
- The Japanese Society of Hypertension Guidelines for the management of elevated blood pressure and hypertension 2025 (JSH2025).Hypertension research : official journal of the Japanese Society of Hypertension · 2026Article
- Socioeconomic disparities in physiological dysregulation: a longitudinal mediation analysis of cardiometabolic multimorbidity among middle-aged and elderly Chinese.BMC public health · 2025Observational
- In Reply: Time in Target Range, Sex-Specific Effects, and the Path to Clinical Integration.Journal of clinical hypertension (Greenwich, Conn.) · 2025Article
- Systolic blood pressure variability: risk of cardiovascular events, chronic kidney disease, dementia, and death.European heart journal · 2025Article
- The Dose-response of Blood Pressure Variability in Stroke and Coronary Heart Disease.Current hypertension reviews · 2025Article
47 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Visit-to-visit variability of blood pressure (BP) has been associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD) and mortality in some but not all studies. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to examine the association between visit-to-visit variability of BP and CVD and all-cause mortality. Medical databases were searched through June 4, 2014, for studies meeting the following eligibility criteria: adult participants; BP measurements at ≥3 visits; follow-up for CVD, coronary heart disease, stroke, or mortality outcomes; events confirmed via database, death certificate, or event ascertainment committee; and adjustment for confounders. Data were extracted by 2 reviewers and pooled using a random-effects model. Overall, 8870 abstracts were identified of which 37 studies, representing 41 separate cohorts, met inclusion criteria. Across studies, visit-to-visit variability of systolic BP and diastolic BP showed significant associations with outcomes in 181 of 312 (58.0%) and 61 of 188 (32.4%) analyses, respectively. Few studies provided sufficient data for pooling risk estimates. For each 5 mm Hg higher SD of systolic BP, the pooled hazard ratio for stroke across 7 cohorts was 1.17 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.07-1.28), for coronary heart disease across 4 cohorts was 1.27 (95% CI, 1.07-1.51), for CVD across 5 cohorts was 1.12 (95% CI, 0.98-1.28), for CVD mortality across 5 cohorts was 1.22 (95% CI, 1.09-1.35), and for all-cause mortality across 4 cohorts was 1.20 (95% CI, 1.05-1.36). In summary, modest associations between visit-to-visit variability of BP and CVD and all-cause mortality are present in published studies. However, these findings are limited by the small amount of data available for meta-analysis.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.