Evidence map›Paper›PMID 25068531›Full record

ArticlePloS one2014

The effect of nanoemulsion as a carrier of hydrophilic compound for transdermal delivery.

Ming-Jun Tsai, Yaw-Syan Fu, Yu-Hsuan Lin, Yaw-Bin Huang, Pao-Chu Wu

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in PloS one, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
13citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

13 citing papers in PubMed.

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  10. RSC advances · 2020
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Ming-Jun TsaiDepartment of Neurology, China Medical University Hospital, School of Medicine, Medical College, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC; Department of Neurology, Tainan Municipal An-Nan Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan, ROC.
Yaw-Syan FuDepartment of Biomedical Science and Environmental Biology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, ROC.
Yu-Hsuan LinSchool of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, ROC.
Yaw-Bin HuangSchool of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, ROC.
Pao-Chu WuSchool of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, ROC.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of nanoemulsions as a carrier vehicle of hydrophilic drug for transdermal delivery. The response surface methodology with a mixture design was used to evaluate the effect of ingredient levels of nanoemulsion formulations including cosurfactant (isopropyl alcohol, 20 ∼ 30%), surfactant (mixed of Brij 30 and Brij 35, 20 ∼ 30%), and distilled-water (34.5 ∼ 50.0%) on properties of the drug-loaded nanoemulsions including physicochemical characters and drug permeability through rat skin. The result showed that the hydrophilic drug in aqueous solution with or without penetration enhancer could not transport across rat skin after 12 h of application. Used nanoemulsions as carrier vehicle, the permeation rate of drug was significantly increased from 0 to 63.23 µg/cm2/h and the lag time was shortened from more than 12 h to about 2.7 ∼ 4.0 h. Moreover, the drug-loaded nanoemulsion formulation also showed physicochemical stability after 3 month storage at 25°C and 40°C.

Indexed as

Drug Delivery SystemsEmulsionsAdministration, CutaneousAnimalsAntiparkinson AgentsDrug CarriersDrug StabilityHydrophobic and Hydrophilic InteractionsIndolesNanoparticlesPermeabilityRatsAntiparkinson AgentsDrug CarriersEmulsionsIndolesropinirole

Identifiers

PMID25068531
PMCPMC4113283

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.