ArticlePsychological medicine2014
Cognitive variability in psychotic disorders: a cross-diagnostic cluster analysis.
Article in Psychological medicine, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 79 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
79 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Brain Morphological Characteristics of Cognitive Subgroups of Schizophrenia-Spectrum Disorders and Bipolar Disorder: A Systematic Review with Narrative Synthesis.Neuropsychology review · 2023Pooled it
- A Systematic Review of Studies Reporting Data-Driven Cognitive Subtypes across the Psychosis Spectrum.Neuropsychology review · 2020Pooled it
- A systematic review and narrative synthesis of data-driven studies in schizophrenia symptoms and cognitive deficits.Translational psychiatry · 2020Pooled it
- Parsing the Functional Heterogeneity of the Psychosis Spectrum: A Clinically Informed Application of Genomic Structural Equation Modeling.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2026Article
- Cognitive Impairment in Psychotic Disorders Is Associated with Brain Reductive Stress and Impaired Energy Metabolism as Measured by 31P Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy.Schizophrenia bulletin · 2026Article
- Cognitive and clinical profiles in first-episode psychosis and their relationship with functional outcomes.The British journal of psychiatry : the journal of mental science · 2026Article
- Cortical excitability mapping stratifies neurobiological subtypes of schizophrenia with genetic and molecular signatures.BMC medicine · 2026Article
- Cognitive impairment and associated factors in elderly patients with schizophrenia: a retrospective observational study with phenotype analysis.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2026Article
- Classifying schizophrenia subtypes via resting-state EEG complexity networks.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Review
- Disentangling shared and unique brain functional changes associated with clinical severity and cognitive phenotypes in schizophrenia via deep learning.Communications biology · 2025Article
- Neural fingerprints of data driven cognitive subtypes across the psychosis spectrum: a B-SNIP study.Translational psychiatry · 2025Article
- Cognitive reserve, depressive symptoms, obesity, and change in employment status predict mental processing speed and executive function after COVID-19.European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience · 2025Observational
- Distinct cognitive trajectories in the early course of psychosis are associated with clinical and functional outcomes longitudinally.World psychiatry : official journal of the World Psychiatric Association (WPA) · 2025Article
- Exploring the latent cognitive structure in schizophrenia: implications for antipsychotic treatment responses.European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience · 2025Article
- Neuropsychological profiles in first-episodes psychosis and their relationship with clinical, metacognition and social cognition variables.European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience · 2025Article
- Article
- Clinical Characteristics of Cognitive Subgroups of Obsessive Compulsive Disorder.Brain and behavior · 2025Article
- Differences in EEG complexity of cognitive activities among subtypes of schizophrenia.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2025Article
- Transdiagnostic modeling of clinician-rated symptoms in affective and nonaffective psychotic disorders.Journal of psychopathology and clinical science · 2025Article
19 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundCognitive dysfunction is a core feature of psychotic disorders; however, substantial variability exists both within and between subjects in terms of cognitive domains of dysfunction, and a clear 'profile' of cognitive strengths and weaknesses characteristic of any diagnosis or psychosis as a whole has not emerged. Cluster analysis provides an opportunity to group individuals using a data-driven approach rather than predetermined grouping criteria. While several studies have identified meaningful cognitive clusters in schizophrenia, no study to date has examined cognition in a cross-diagnostic sample of patients with psychotic disorders using a cluster approach. We aimed to examine cognitive variables in a sample of 167 patients with psychosis using cluster methods.
methodSubjects with schizophrenia (n = 41), schizo-affective disorder (n = 53) or bipolar disorder with psychosis (n = 73) were assessed using a battery of cognitive and clinical measures. Cognitive data were analysed using Ward's method, followed by a K-means cluster approach. Clusters were then compared on diagnosis and measures of clinical symptoms, demographic variables and community functioning.
resultsA four-cluster solution was selected, including a 'neuropsychologically normal' cluster, a globally and significantly impaired cluster, and two clusters of mixed cognitive profiles. Clusters differed on several clinical variables; diagnoses were distributed amongst all clusters, although not evenly.
conclusionsIdentification of groups of patients who share similar neurocognitive profiles may help pinpoint relevant neural abnormalities underlying these traits. Such groupings may also hasten the development of individualized treatment approaches, including cognitive remediation tailored to patients' specific cognitive profiles.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.