Evidence map›Paper›PMID 25066071›Full record

SynthesisPsychological medicine2015

A meta-analysis of the prevalence of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in incarcerated populations.

S Young, D Moss, O Sedgwick, M Fridman, P Hodgkins

Abstract readMeta-AnalysisReview
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Synthesis in Psychological medicine, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 97 papers, 7 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
97citing papers in PubMed, 7 pooled it
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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

97 citing papers in PubMed, 7 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

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37 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

S YoungCentre for Mental Health, Division of Brain Sciences, Department of Medicine,Imperial College London,UK.
D MossCaudex Medical,Oxford,UK.
O SedgwickDepartment of Psychology, Institute of Psychiatry,King's College London,UK.
M FridmanAMF Consulting,Inc., Los Angeles, CA,USA.
P HodgkinsGlobal HEOR,Vertex Pharmaceuticals,Boston, MA,USA.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundStudies report the variable prevalence of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in incarcerated populations. The aim of this meta-analysis was to determine the prevalence of ADHD in these populations.

methodPrimary research studies reporting the prevalence (lifetime/current) of ADHD in incarcerated populations were identified. The meta-analysis used a mixed log-binomial model, including fixed effects for each covariate and a random study effect, to estimate the significance of various risk factors.

resultsForty-two studies were included in the analysis. ADHD prevalence was higher with screening diagnoses versus diagnostic interview (and with retrospective youth diagnoses versus current diagnoses). Using diagnostic interview data, the estimated prevalence was 25.5% and there were no significant differences for gender and age. Significant country differences were noted.

conclusionsCompared with published general population prevalence, there is a fivefold increase in prevalence of ADHD in youth prison populations (30.1%) and a 10-fold increase in adult prison populations (26.2%).

Indexed as

Attention Deficit Disorder with HyperactivityComorbidityDiagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental DisordersFemaleHumansMalePrevalencePrisonersPsychiatric Status Rating ScalesADHDcrimediagnosisincarceratedoffenderprevalenceprison

Identifiers

PMID25066071
PMCPMC4301200

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.