ArticleHepatology (Baltimore, Md.)2014
Clinical outcomes of hepatitis B virus coinfection in a United States cohort of hepatitis C virus-infected patients.
Article in Hepatology (Baltimore, Md.), 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 44 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
44 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 87 citations in OpenAlex.
- Hepatitis C Guidance 2019 Update: American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases-Infectious Diseases Society of America Recommendations for Testing, Managing, and Treating Hepatitis C Virus Infection.Hepatology (Baltimore, Md.) · 2020Guideline
- The Association Between Physical Activity, Sedentary Time, and Sleep with Risk of Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Patients with Cirrhosis.Digestive diseases and sciences · 2026Article
- HBV Dominance Is Associated With a Distinct Inflammatory Milieu in HBV/HCV Coinfection.Journal of viral hepatitis · 2025Article
- Impact of Socio-Economic, Behavioural and Clinical Factors on Liver Disease Progression in Individuals With HIV and Hepatitis B.Liver international : official journal of the International Association for the Study of the Liver · 2025Observational
- Sensitivity Analysis of Hepatitis B and C Mortality in England Using Data Linkage: Meeting the WHO Elimination Threshold for Mortality.Journal of viral hepatitis · 2025Article
- Role of hepatotropic viruses in promoting hepatocellular carcinoma-current knowledge and recent advances.Medical oncology (Northwood, London, England) · 2025Review
- Review
- PNPLA3, Obesity, and Heavy Alcohol Use in Cirrhosis Patients May Exert a Synergistic Increase Hepatocellular Carcinoma Risk.Clinical gastroenterology and hepatology : the official clinical practice journal of the American Gastroenterological Association · 2024Article
- Long-term trends in incidence, mortality and burden of liver cancer due to specific etiologies in Hubei Province.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Combined "Test and Treat" Campaigns for Human Immunodeficiency Virus, Hepatitis B, and Hepatitis C: A Systematic Review to Provide Evidence to Support World Health Organization Treatment Guidelines.Open forum infectious diseases · 2024Article
- Comparison of Clinical Manifestations and Related Factors of Hepatocellular Carcinoma with Chronic Hepatitis B.International journal of general medicine · 2024Article
- Exposure to Agent Orange and Hepatocellular Carcinoma Among US Military Personnel.JAMA network open · 2023Article
- High Burden of Undiagnosed Hepatitis B and Liver Disease in an Urban Emergency Department-Baltimore, 2020.Clinical gastroenterology and hepatology : the official clinical practice journal of the American Gastroenterological Association · 2023Article
- Artificial intelligence-based prediction of molecular and genetic markers for hepatitis C-related hepatocellular carcinoma.Annals of medicine and surgery (2012) · 2023Article
- Screening and Testing for Hepatitis B Virus Infection: CDC Recommendations - United States, 2023.MMWR. Recommendations and reports : Morbidity and mortality weekly report. Recommendations and reports · 2023Article
- Risk stratification for hepatocellular cancer among patients with cirrhosis using a hepatic fat polygenic risk score.PloS one · 2023Article
- Regional Differences in Mortality Rates and Characteristics of Decedents With Hepatitis B Listed as a Cause of Death, United States, 2000-2019.JAMA network open · 2022Article
- Hepatitis B Core Antibody Positivity Associated with Increased Risk of Liver Cancer in Patients with Chronic Hepatitis C: Analysis of a Large Patient Cohort in Hawai'i.Hawai'i journal of health & social welfare · 2022Article
- Factors Associated with the Refusal of Direct-Acting Antiviral Agents for the Treatment of Hepatitis C in Taiwan.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2022Observational
- Impact of WTAP in small HCC and paired adjacent non-neoplastic liver tissue on recurrence: A cohort study with external extension analysis.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 5 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
unlabelledThe effect of hepatitis B virus (HBV) coinfection in patients with hepatitis C virus (HCV) remains unclear. We used the National Veterans Affairs HCV Clinical Case Registry to identify patients with confirmed HCV viremia during 1997-2005. We defined HBV coinfection as a positive test for hepatitis B surface antigen, HBV DNA, or hepatitis B e antigen. We defined cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) based on the validated ICD-9 codes and determined mortality through the end of 2009. We performed Cox proportional hazard regression analyses to examine the effect of HBV coinfection stratified by HBV DNA status (positive or negative) on the risk of cirrhosis, HCC, and death adjusting for patients' age, gender, race, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, alcohol or drug use, Deyo Score, and antiviral treatment. Among 99,548 patients with HCV infection, 1,370 patients (1.4%) had HBV coinfection. Of the coinfected patients, 677 (49.4%) patients had at least one HBV DNA test done and 303 patients (44.7%) tested positive for HBV DNA. The incidence rates of cirrhosis, HCC, and death were significantly higher in patients with HBV coinfection and detectable HBV DNA compared to HCV monoinfection (36.8, 6.9, and 41.7 versus 17.4, 3.6, and 31.4 per 1,000 person-years, respectively; P < 0.05 for all comparisons). After adjustment for demographic, clinical, and treatment factors, patients with detectable HBV DNA had a significantly higher risk for cirrhosis (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.89 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.46-2.45), HCC (HR = 2.12, 95% CI = 1.26-3.60), and death (HR = 1.62, 95% CI = 1.33-1.99) compared to HCV monoinfected patients. There were no differences in the risk of cirrhosis, HCC, or overall mortality between coinfected patients with undetectable HBV DNA and those with HCV monoinfection (HR = 1.18, 95% CI = 0.90-1.55; 1.54, 95% CI = 0.93-2.56; 1.08, 95% CI = 0.88-1.33, respectively).
conclusionWe found that while only a small number of HCV patients were coinfected with HBV, patients with documented HBV viremia were at a significantly higher risk for cirrhosis, HCC, and overall death than HCV monoinfected patients. Absence of HBV replication was associated with a clinical course similar to that of HCV monoinfected patients.
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