ArticleViral immunology2014
Evaluation of prolonged fatigue post-West Nile virus infection and association of fatigue with elevated antiviral and proinflammatory cytokines.
Article in Viral immunology, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 48 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
48 citing papers in PubMed.
- Triacylglycerol metabolism is a novel target to combat West Nile virus infection.Emerging microbes & infections · 2026Article
- Post-Infectious Syndromes in the Post-Pandemic Phase Among the German General Population.Deutsches Arzteblatt international · 2026Observational
- Considerations for epidemiological studies investigating emerging post-acute infection syndromes: Long Covid as a case study.EClinicalMedicine · 2026Review
- Ecologic Factors Contributing to West Nile Virus Hyperendemicity in Central South Carolina: An Integrated Vector-Human-Environmental Study.The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene · 2026Article
- Sequelae of viral CNS infections including outcomes, mechanisms, and knowledge gaps.Npj viruses · 2025Review
- Direct effects of prolonged TNF-α and IL-6 exposure on neural activity in human iPSC-derived neuron-astrocyte co-cultures.Frontiers in cellular neuroscience · 2025Article
- Primary Dengue and Long-Term Health Status in Madeira Island, Portugal: A Retrospective Questionnaire-Based Study.The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene · 2024Article
- Proinflammatory Chemokine Levels in Cerebrospinal Fluid of Patients with Neuroinvasive Flavivirus Infections.Microorganisms · 2024Article
- Article
- Systems-level temporal immune-metabolic profile in Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus infection.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2023Article
- Fatigue in Post-Acute Sequelae of Coronavirus Disease 2019.Physical medicine and rehabilitation clinics of North America · 2023Review
- Laboratory Findings and Biomarkers in Long COVID: What Do We Know So Far? Insights into Epidemiology, Pathogenesis, Therapeutic Perspectives and Challenges.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Physical Health-Related Quality of Life Improves over Time in Post-COVID-19 Patients: An Exploratory Prospective Study.Journal of clinical medicine · 2023Article
- Post-COVID-19 fatigue as a major health problem: a cross-sectional study from Missouri, USA.Irish journal of medical science · 2023Article
- Interleukins, Chemokines, and Tumor Necrosis Factor Superfamily Ligands in the Pathogenesis of West Nile Virus Infection.Viruses · 2023Review
- Analytical Approaches to Uncover Genetic Associations for Rare Outcomes: Lessons from West Nile Neuroinvasive Disease.Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) · 2023Article
- Post-viral fatigue in COVID-19: A review of symptom assessment methods, mental, cognitive, and physical impairment.Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews · 2022Review
- Post‑COVID‑19 syndrome in children (Review).Experimental and therapeutic medicine · 2022Review
- IncreasedViruses · 2022Article
- Unexplained post-acute infection syndromes.Nature medicine · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
This study aimed to characterize fatigue postinfection among study participants with a history of West Nile virus (WNV) infection and determine whether antiviral and pro-inflammatory cytokines were significantly elevated in those reporting prolonged fatigue. We found that 31% (44/140) of study participants experienced prolonged (more than 6 months) fatigue postinfection, with an average length of fatigue duration of 5 years. Females, those younger than 50 years of age, and those with symptomatic clinical WNV disease were significantly more likely to report fatigue. Pro-inflammatory and antiviral cytokines (granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor, interferon-γ, interferon-γ inducing protein 10, interleukin 2, interleukin 6, and interleukin 12p70) were significantly elevated in those reporting fatigue postinfection compared to those not reporting fatigue. Clinicians should consider history of WNV infection as a possible factor when evaluating causes of prolonged fatigue following a febrile viral illness in their patients.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.