Evidence map›Paper›PMID 25061286›Full record

ArticleInternational journal of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease2014

Extent and prevalence of cognitive dysfunction in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, chronic non-obstructive bronchitis, and in asymptomatic smokers, compared to normal reference values.

Roberto W Dal Negro, Luca Bonadiman, Silvia Tognella, Fernanda P Bricolo, Paola Turco

Open access · goldAbstract readComparative Study
In one paragraph

Article in International journal of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
21citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
5.8field-weighted citation impact, top 4% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

21 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 57 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Review
  3. A Narrative Review of the Correlation Between Comorbidity and Acute Exacerbation of COPD Patients.International journal of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease · 2026
    Review
  4. Observational
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  8. Observational
  9. Article
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  13. Article
  14. Recognition, diagnosis, and treatment of cognitive and psychiatric disorders in patients with COPD.International journal of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease · 2017
    Review
  15. Article
  16. Article
  17. Article
  18. Article
  19. Balance impairment and systemic inflammation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.International journal of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease · 2015
    Article
  20. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Roberto W Dal NegroNational Center for Respiratory Pharmacoeconomics and Pharmacoepidemiology (CESFAR), Verona, Italy.
Luca BonadimanNational Center for Respiratory Pharmacoeconomics and Pharmacoepidemiology (CESFAR), Verona, Italy.
Silvia TognellaLung Division, Bussolengo General Hospital, Bussolengo, Italy.
Fernanda P BricoloResearch and Clinical Governance, Verona, Italy.
Paola TurcoResearch and Clinical Governance, Verona, Italy.
University of Verona · IT

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundChronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) can affect cognition. The effects of other less severe chronic airway disorders on cognition remain to be clarified. This study aimed to measure and compare cognitive deterioration in subjects with COPD, subjects with chronic non-obstructive bronchitis (CNOB), and asymptomatic smokers (AS), and to relate the corresponding prevalence to several demographic and clinical variables and to normal reference values.

methodsFour hundred and two subjects (COPD n=229, CNOB n=127, and AS n=46) of comparable age were included in the study. Cognitive impairment was assessed using the Mini Mental Status test, the Clock Drawing test, and the Trail Making test A and B.

resultsThe extent and prevalence of cognitive deterioration was greater in COPD subjects, followed by CNOB subjects and AS (P<0.001). The Medical Research Council and COPD Assessment test scores, forced expiratory volume in the first second predicted, and arterial partial pressure of O2 and of CO2 were related to the extent and the prevalence of cognitive deterioration. COPD subjects, CNOB subjects, and AS aged 40-69 years showed the greatest cognitive impairment (P<0.01 compared to normal values). This was particularly clear in COPD subjects.

conclusionCognitive impairment may start at the early stages of chronic airway damage and progress with a worsening of the respiratory condition. Indeed, the greatest cognitive deterioration was seen in COPD subjects. Cognition impairment may contribute to explaining the insufficient adherence to therapeutic plans and strategies, and the increasing social costs in respiratory subjects.

Indexed as

AdultAgedAged, 80 and overBronchitisCase-Control StudiesCognition DisordersCross-Sectional StudiesDisease ProgressionFemaleForced Expiratory VolumeHumansLungMaleMiddle AgedPrevalencePsychiatric Status Rating Scaleschronic airway flow limitationchronic bronchitiscognitionCOPDsmoke

Identifiers

PMID25061286
PMCPMC4085326
OpenAlexW2101458785

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.