Evidence map›Paper›PMID 25061061›Full record

ArticleJournal of Parkinson's disease2014

Peripheral administration of the selective inhibitor of soluble tumor necrosis factor (TNF) XPro®1595 attenuates nigral cell loss and glial activation in 6-OHDA hemiparkinsonian rats.

Christopher J Barnum, Xi Chen, Jaegwon Chung, Jianjun Chang, Martha Williams, Nelly Grigoryan, Raymond J Tesi, Malú G Tansey

Open access · greenAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of Parkinson's disease, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 67 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
67citing papers in PubMed
5.4field-weighted citation impact, top 5% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

67 citing papers in PubMed, 136 citations in OpenAlex.

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  14. Immune modulation to treat Alzheimer's disease.Molecular neurodegeneration · 2025
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7 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Christopher J BarnumDepartment of Physiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.
Xi ChenDepartment of Physiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.
Jaegwon ChungDepartment of Physiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.
Jianjun ChangDepartment of Physiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.
Martha WilliamsDepartment of Physiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.
Nelly GrigoryanDepartment of Physiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.
Raymond J TesiFPRT Bio, Inc., Scranton, PA, USA.
Malú G TanseyDepartment of Physiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.
Emory University · US

Funding

Graduate and Postdoctoral Training in ToxicologyT32ES012870 · NIEHS · EMORY UNIVERSITY · PI Carmen Joseph Marsit · 2004 to 2026
$9.1M
TNF Signaling in NeurodegenerationR01NS049433 · NINDS · UT SOUTHWESTERN MEDICAL CENTER · PI TANSEY, MARIA DE LOURDES GAMEZ · 2006 to 2010
$1.7M
NIEHS NIH HHS 5T32ES012870-10NIEHS NIH HHS T32 ES012870NINDS NIH HHS R01 NS049433
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundParkinson's disease (PD) is a complex multi-system age-related neurodegenerative disorder. Targeting the ongoing neuroinflammation in PD patients is one strategy postulated to slow down or halt disease progression. Proof-of-concept studies from our group demonstrated that selective inhibition of soluble Tumor Necrosis Factor (solTNF) by intranigral delivery of dominant negative TNF (DN-TNF) inhibitors reduced neuroinflammation and nigral dopamine (DA) neuron loss in endotoxin and neurotoxin rat models of nigral degeneration.

objectiveAs a next step toward human clinical trials, we aimed to determine the extent to which peripherally administered DN-TNF inhibitor XPro®1595 could: i) cross the blood-brain-barrier in therapeutically relevant concentrations, ii) attenuate neuroinflammation (microglia and astrocyte), and iii) mitigate loss of nigral DA neurons in rats receiving a unilateral 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) striatal lesion.

methodsRats received unilateral 6-OHDA (20 μg into the right striatum). Three or 14 days after lesion, rats were dosed with XPro®1595 (10 mg/kg in saline, subcutaneous) every third day for 35 days. Forelimb asymmetry was used to assess motor deficits after the lesion; brains were harvested 35 days after the lesion for analysis of XPro®1595 levels, glial activation and nigral DA neuron number.

resultsPeripheral subcutaneous dosing of XPro®1595 achieved plasma levels of 1-8 microgram/mL and CSF levels of 1-6 ng/mL depending on the time the rats were killed after final XPro®1595 injection. Irrespective of start date, XPro®1595 significantly reduced microglia and astrocyte number in SNpc whereas loss of nigral DA neurons was attenuated when drug was started 3, but not 14 days after the 6-OHDA lesion.

conclusionsOur data suggest that systemically administered XPro®1595 may have disease-modifying potential in PD patients where inflammation is part of their pathology.

Indexed as

AnimalsBlood-Brain BarrierCell CountDisease Models, AnimalDopaminergic NeuronsEncephalitisGliosisMaleOxidopamineParkinsonian DisordersRatsRats, Sprague-DawleySubstantia NigraTumor Necrosis Factor-alphaOxidopamineTumor Necrosis Factor-alphaXENP 1595$XPro^{\reg}1595$6-OHDAastrocytesinflammationmicrogliaParkinson's diseasesubstantia nigratumor necrosis factor

Identifiers

PMID25061061
PMCPMC4154985
OpenAlexW1605537968

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.