Evidence map›Paper›PMID 25060169›Full record

ReviewMedical principles and practice : international journal of the Kuwait University, Health Science Centre2014

Mozart, music and medicine.

Ernest K J Pauwels, Duccio Volterrani, Giuliano Mariani, Magdalena Kostkiewics

2 registry-linked trialsOpen access · diamondAbstract readReview
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Medical principles and practice : international journal of the Kuwait University, Health Science Centre, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 2 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 32 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
32citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
3.2field-weighted citation impact, top 9% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT04833686 nacompletednot on this mapstarted 2018, after this paper: background citation

The Effect of Music and Environmental Noise Isolation on Bronchiolitis Severity in Hospitalized Children: a Randomized Control Trial

TypeinterventionalSponsorRabin Medical CenterRan2018 to 2021Enrolled52ConditionsBronchiolitisArmsMozart, Instrumental music, Silence
NCT06952283 nanot yet recruitingnot on this mapstarted 2025, after this paper: background citation

Effects of Music Intervention on Golf-Specific Skill Performance of Chinese Golfers Under Mental Fatigue

TypeinterventionalSponsorPan XiaoyangRan2025 to 2025Enrolled60ConditionsMental FatigueArmsInducing mental fatigue, Music intervention
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

32 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 92 citations in OpenAlex.

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  6. Does Listening to Music during Tonsillectomy Affect Sevoflurane Consumption?Medical principles and practice : international journal of the Kuwait University, Health Science Centre · 2018
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors at 3 institutions in 3 countries.

Ernest K J PauwelsUniversity Medical Center Leiden, Leiden, The Netherlands.
Duccio Volterrani
Giuliano Mariani
Magdalena Kostkiewics
University of Pisa · ITJagiellonian University · PLLeiden University Medical Center · NL

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

According to the first publication in 1993 by Rauscher et al. [Nature 1993;365:611], the Mozart effect implies the enhancement of reasoning skills solving spatial problems in normal subjects after listening to Mozart's piano sonata K 448. A further evaluation of this effect has raised the question whether there is a link between music-generated emotions and a higher level of cognitive abilities by mere listening. Positron emission tomography and functional magnetic resonance imaging have revealed that listening to pleasurable music activates cortical and subcortical cerebral areas where emotions are processed. These neurobiological effects of music suggest that auditory stimulation evokes emotions linked to heightened arousal and result in temporarily enhanced performance in many cognitive domains. Music therapy applies this arousal in a clinical setting as it may offer benefits to patients by diverting their attention from unpleasant experiences and future interventions. It has been applied in the context of various important clinical conditions such as cardiovascular disorders, cancer pain, epilepsy, depression and dementia. Furthermore, music may modulate the immune response, among other things, evidenced by increasing the activity of natural killer cells, lymphocytes and interferon-γ, which is an interesting feature as many diseases are related to a misbalanced immune system. Many of these clinical studies, however, suffer from methodological inadequacies. Nevertheless, at present, there is moderate but not altogether convincing evidence that listening to known and liked music helps to decrease the burden of a disease and enhances the immune system by modifying stress.

Indexed as

EmotionsMusic TherapyAcoustic StimulationAdultArousalCognitionHumansMusic

Identifiers

PMID25060169
PMCPMC5586918
OpenAlexW2101564695

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.