ArticleBMJ open2014
Risk factors for bloodborne viral hepatitis in healthcare workers of Pakistan: a population based case-control study.
Article in BMJ open, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed, 31 citations in OpenAlex.
- Factors influencing the adherence of nurses to standard precautions in South Korea hospital settings.American journal of infection control · 2019Article
- Risk factors for viral hepatitis C infection in Rwanda: results from a nationwide screening program.BMC infectious diseases · 2019Article
- Prevalence of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) positivity and its associated factors in Rwanda.BMC infectious diseases · 2019Article
- Influencing factors on use of standard precautions against occupational exposures to blood and body fluids among nurses in China.International journal of clinical and experimental medicine · 2015Article
- Viral Hepatitis in Pakistan: Past, Present, and Future.Euroasian journal of hepato-gastroenterologyReview
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectivesA high prevalence of viral hepatitis B and C was found among healthcare workers during a province-wide screening in Sindh Province, Pakistan. A follow-up study was undertaken to identify risk factors for this high prevalence in healthcare workers.
designPopulation based case-control design.
settingPublic sector healthcare facilities in a rural district of Pakistan.
participantsHealthcare workers who were screened for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) antibodies. 178 healthcare workers employed at the public sector clinics and hospitals of the district were approached, of which 14 refused to participate. Cases had detectable serum antibodies against HCV and the presence of HBsAg. Healthcare workers non-reactive to HCV antibodies and with no HBsAg were controls. These were matched in a ratio of 1:1. OUTCOME MEASURE: Detectable serum HBsAg and HCV antibody titer were taken as outcome. OR for various exposures was calculated; those with p<0.25 were entered in a multivariate logistic regression model to find out significant predictors.
resultsNeedle stick injury (OR=6; CI95 1.4 to 23), recapping the needle (OR=5.7; CI95 1.1 to 28), wound care at accident and emergency of a hospital (OR=5.5; CI95 1 to 28), female gender (OR=3.4; CI95 1 to 12) and more than 10 years of formal education (OR=0.25; CI95 0.07 to 0.8) were associated with hepatitis C. Hepatitis B was found to be associated with trying to bend or break a needle after use (OR=4.9; CI95 1 to 24).
conclusionsHealthcare workers in Pakistan are at additional risk of exposure to bloodborne pathogens. Bi-dimensional risk factors present at individual and broader health systems levels are responsible. Occupational safety, health trainings and redesigning of the curriculum for allied health professionals are required.
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