ReviewLancet (London, England)2015
Male sex workers: practices, contexts, and vulnerabilities for HIV acquisition and transmission.
Review in Lancet (London, England), 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 146 papers, 9 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
146 citing papers in PubMed, 9 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- HIV prevalence among men who have sex with men, transgender women and cisgender male sex workers in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of the International AIDS Society · 2022Pooled it
- A systematic review and meta-analysis of the evidence for community-based HIV testing on men's engagement in the HIV care cascade.International journal of STD & AIDS · 2022Pooled it
- HIV seroprevalence in five key populations in Europe: a systematic literature review, 2009 to 2019.Euro surveillance : bulletin Europeen sur les maladies transmissibles = European communicable disease bulletin · 2021Pooled it
- Structural determinants of HIV/STI prevalence, HIV/STI/sexual and reproductive health access, and condom use among immigrant sex workers globally.AIDS (London, England) · 2021Pooled it
- Associations between sex work laws and sex workers' health: A systematic review and meta-analysis of quantitative and qualitative studies.PLoS medicine · 2018Pooled it
- Social network and HIV risk behaviors in female sex workers: a systematic review.BMC public health · 2018Pooled it
- HIV and Viral Hepatitis Among Imprisoned Key Populations.Epidemiologic reviews · 2018Pooled it
- Human rights protections and HIV prevalence among MSM who sell sex: Cross-country comparisons from a systematic review and meta-analysis.Global public health · 2018Pooled it
- Policing practices as a structural determinant for HIV among sex workers: a systematic review of empirical findings.Journal of the International AIDS Society · 2016Pooled it
- Incentivizing adherence to pre-exposure prophylaxis for HIV prevention: a randomized pilot trial among male sex workers in Mexico.The European journal of health economics : HEPAC : health economics in prevention and care · 2025Trial
- PrEPare for Work: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial of an Intervention to Optimize HIV PrEP Outcomes Among Male Sex Workers.AIDS and behavior · 2023Trial
- Punto Seguro: A Randomized Controlled Pilot Using Conditional Economic Incentives to Reduce Sexually Transmitted Infection Risks in Mexico.AIDS and behavior · 2017Trial
- Health Status of North African Adolescent and Young Adult Migrants in Europe: a Scoping Review.Journal of immigrant and minority health · 2026Article
- Displacement Stressors and Sexual and Reproductive Health Challenges for Internally Displaced Young Adults in Northern Mozambique: A Qualitative Study Using the Socio-ecological Framework for Refugee Distress.AIDS and behavior · 2026Article
- Provider Perspectives on Group PrEP Care for Sex Workers: A Pre-implementation Study in a U.S. Midwestern Community Health Center.Archives of sexual behavior · 2026Article
- "Not Ideal Uncles": Unveiling Childhood Sexual Victimization and Hidden Identity Struggles of GBTQI+ Youth in Sex Work in Botswana.International journal of sexual health : official journal of the World Association for Sexual Health · 2026Article
- Prevalence and associated factors of selling sex among men who have sex with men (MSM) in Latin America: results from the Latin American MSM Internet Survey in 18 countries (LAMIS-2018).BMJ global health · 2025Article
- Health Status and Use of Healthcare Services of Undocumented Migrant Sex Workers in Catalonia: A Descriptive Study Using Administrative Registries.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2025Article
- Long-Term Health Outcomes of People with HIV Engaged in Chemsex: A Prospective Cohort Study on Drug Use, Sexual Behaviour, Sexually-Transmitted Infections and Vulnerability.Infectious diseases and therapy · 2025Article
- The (mis)use of evidence in contested rights: commentary on the UN Special Rapporteur on violence against women and girls' report on "prostitution and violence".Sexual and reproductive health matters · 2024Article
86 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Male sex workers who sell or exchange sex for money or goods encompass a very diverse population across and within countries worldwide. Information characterising their practices, contexts where they live, and their needs is limited, because these individuals are generally included as a subset of larger studies focused on gay men and other men who have sex with men (MSM) or even female sex workers. Male sex workers, irrespective of their sexual orientation, mostly offer sex to men and rarely identify as sex workers, using local or international terms instead. Growing evidence indicates a sustained or increasing burden of HIV among some male sex workers within the context of the slowing global HIV pandemic. Several synergistic facilitators could be potentiating HIV acquisition and transmission among male sex workers, including biological, behavioural, and structural determinants. Criminalisation and intersectional stigmas of same-sex practices, commercial sex, and HIV all augment risk for HIV and sexually transmitted infections among male sex workers and reduce the likelihood of these people accessing essential services. These contexts, taken together with complex sexual networks among male sex workers, define this group as a key population underserved by current HIV prevention, treatment, and care services. Dedicated efforts are needed to make those services available for the sake of both public health and human rights. Evidence-based and human rights-affirming services dedicated specifically to male sex workers are needed to improve health outcomes for these men and the people within their sexual networks.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.