ArticlePancreas2014
Cholecystokinin receptor antagonist halts progression of pancreatic cancer precursor lesions and fibrosis in mice.
Article in Pancreas, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 32 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
32 citing papers in PubMed, 46 citations in OpenAlex.
- Article
- Effects of Proglumide with Chemotherapy on the Pancreatic Tumor Microenvironment: Phase 1 PROGEM Trial.Pharmaceutics · 2026Article
- CCK-1R-selective and non-selective cholecystokinin antagonists, lorglumide, and proglumide increased toxicity of carboplatin to granulocyte-macrophage progenitor cells (CFU-GM) of bone marrow of rats.Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2026Article
- Downregulation of the CCK-B Receptor in Pancreatic Stellate Cells Blocks Molecular Proliferative Pathways and Increases Apoptosis to Decrease Pancreatic Cancer Growth In Vitro.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Target-Specific Locked Nucleic Acid Gapmer Decreases Growth and Metastases of Pancreatic Cancer.Molecular cancer therapeutics · 2025Article
- CCK Receptor Inhibition Reduces Pancreatic Tumor Fibrosis and Promotes Nanoparticle Delivery.Biomedicines · 2024Article
- The Role of a Cholecystokinin Receptor Antagonist in the Management of Chronic Pancreatitis: A Phase 1 Trial.Pharmaceutics · 2024Article
- Implicating the cholecystokinin B receptor in liver stem cell oncogenesis.American journal of physiology. Gastrointestinal and liver physiology · 2024Article
- Decoding the obesity-cancer connection: lessons from preclinical models of pancreatic adenocarcinoma.Life science alliance · 2023Review
- Article
- Target-Specific Nanoparticle Polyplex Down-Regulates MutantInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Proglumide Reverses Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis by Interaction with the Farnesoid X Receptor and Altering the Microbiome.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Article
- Magneto-mechanical destruction of cancer-associated fibroblasts using ultra-small iron oxide nanoparticles and low frequency rotating magnetic fields.Nanoscale advances · 2022Article
- Cholecystokinin-B Receptor-Targeted Nanoparticle for Imaging and Detection of Precancerous Lesions in the Pancreas.Biomolecules · 2021Article
- Vaccination with Polyclonal Antibody Stimulator (PAS) Prevents Pancreatic Carcinogenesis in the KRAS Mouse Model.Cancer prevention research (Philadelphia, Pa.) · 2021Article
- Article
- Aptamer-Targeted Calcium Phosphosilicate Nanoparticles for Effective Imaging of Pancreatic and Prostate Cancer.International journal of nanomedicine · 2021Article
- Targeting the Cholecystokinin Receptor: A Novel Approach for Treatment and Prevention of Hepatocellular Cancer.Cancer prevention research (Philadelphia, Pa.) · 2021Article
- Article
- Pancreatic Cancer and Its Microenvironment-Recent Advances and Current Controversies.International journal of molecular sciences · 2020Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
objectivesExogenous administration of cholecystokinin (CCK) induces hypertrophy and hyperplasia of the pancreas with an increase in DNA content. We hypothesized that endogenous CCK is involved in the malignant progression of pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PanIN) lesions and the fibrosis associated with pancreatic cancer.
methodsThe presence of CCK receptors in early PanIN lesions was examined by immunohistochemistry in mouse and human pancreas. Pdx1-Cre/LSL-Kras transgenic mice were randomized to receive either untreated drinking water or water supplemented with a CCK receptor antagonist (proglumide, 0.1 mg/mL). Pancreas from the mice were removed and examined histologically for number and grade of PanINs after 1, 2, or 4 months of antagonist therapy.
resultsBoth CCK-A and CCK-B receptors were identified in early stage PanINs from mouse and human pancreas. The grade of PanIN lesions was reversed, and progression to advanced lesions arrested in mice treated with proglumide compared with the controls (P = 0.004). Furthermore, pancreatic fibrosis was significantly reduced in antagonist-treated animals compared with vehicle (P < 0.001).
conclusionsThese findings demonstrate that endogenous CCK is in part responsible for the development and progression of pancreatic cancer. The use of CCK receptor antagonists may have a role in cancer prophylaxis in high-risk subjects and may reduce fibrosis in the microenvironment.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.