ArticlePreventing chronic disease2014
The geography of diabetes by census tract in a large sample of insured adults in King County, Washington, 2005-2006.
Article in Preventing chronic disease, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Is Population Density Associated with Non-Communicable Disease in Western Developed Countries? A Systematic Review.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Pooled it
- Environmental Risk Factors for Developing Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2018Pooled it
- Incorporating small-area estimation into mediation analyses with areal datasets.Spatial and spatio-temporal epidemiology · 2025Article
- Article
- From the clinic to the community: Can health system data accurately estimate population obesity prevalence?Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.) · 2021Article
- Social Determinants of Health and Diabetes: A Scientific Review.Diabetes care · 2020Review
- Florida neighborhood analysis of social determinants and their relationship to life expectancy.BMC public health · 2020Article
- Combining Nonclinical Determinants of Health and Clinical Data for Research and Evaluation: Rapid Review.JMIR public health and surveillance · 2019Review
- The Moving to Health (M2H) approach to natural experiment research: A paradigm shift for studies on built environment and health.SSM - population health · 2019Article
- Progress towards using community context with clinical data in primary care.Family medicine and community health · 2019Article
- Where do U.S. households purchase healthy foods? An analysis of food-at-home purchases across different types of retailers in a nationally representative dataset.Preventive medicine · 2018Article
- Identifying Geographic Disparities in Diabetes Prevalence Among Adults and Children Using Emergency Claims Data.Journal of the Endocrine Society · 2018Article
- The Spatial Distribution of Adult Obesity Prevalence in Denver County, Colorado: An Empirical Bayes Approach to Adjust EHR-Derived Small Area Estimates.EGEMS (Washington, DC) · 2017Article
- Variations in Obesity Rates between US Counties: Impacts of Activity Access, Food Environments, and Settlement Patterns.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2017Article
- Academic and Government Partnerships to Address Diabetes in the USA: a Narrative Review.Current diabetes reports · 2017Review
- Diabetes prevalence is associated with different community factors in the diabetes belt versus the rest of the United States.Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.) · 2017Article
- The impact of area residential property values on self-rated health: A cross-sectional comparative study of Seattle and Paris.Preventive medicine reports · 2016Article
- Beyond Access: Characteristics of the Food Environment and Risk of Diabetes.American journal of epidemiology · 2016Article
- Determining Chronic Disease Prevalence in Local Populations Using Emergency Department Surveillance.American journal of public health · 2015Article
- Obesity prevention: Gore-Tex or sunscreen?American journal of public health · 2014Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
Abstract
introductionIdentifying areas of high diabetes prevalence can have an impact on public health prevention and intervention programs. Local health practitioners and public health agencies lack small-area data on obesity and diabetes.
methodsClinical data from the Group Health Cooperative health care system were used to estimate diabetes prevalence among 59,767 adults by census tract. Area-based measures of socioeconomic status and the Modified Retail Food Environment Index were obtained at the census-tract level in King County, Washington. Spatial analyses and regression models were used to assess the relationship between census tract-level diabetes and area-based socioeconomic status and food environment variables. The mediating effect of obesity on the geographic distribution of diabetes was also examined.
resultsIn this population of insured adults, diabetes was concentrated in south and southeast King County, with smoothed diabetes prevalence ranging from 6.9% to 21.2%. In spatial regression models, home value and college education were more strongly associated with diabetes than was household income. For each 50% increase in median home value, diabetes prevalence was 1.2 percentage points lower. The Modified Retail Food Environment Index was not related to diabetes at the census-tract level. The observed associations between area-based socioeconomic status and diabetes were largely mediated by obesity (home value, 58%; education, 47%).
conclusionThe observed geographic disparities in diabetes among insured adults by census tract point to the importance of area socioeconomic status. Small-area studies can help health professionals design community-based programs for diabetes prevention and control.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.