ArticleNeuroscience2014
Pedunculopontine tegmental nucleus neurons provide reward, sensorimotor, and alerting signals to midbrain dopamine neurons.
Article in Neuroscience, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 44 papers.
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Who cites it
44 citing papers in PubMed, 86 citations in OpenAlex.
- Lateral habenula and periaqueductal gray neurons signal reward prediction error and continuity of reward expectancy to drive reward-seeking behavior.Cell reports · 2026Article
- Sense of agency and addiction.Frontiers in psychology · 2026Article
- Cell-type specific sensory and motor activity in the cuneiform nucleus and pedunculopontine nucleus in mice.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Periaqueductal gray passes over disappointment and signals continuity of remaining reward expectancy.Research square · 2025Article
- Periaqueductal gray passes over disappointment and signals continuity of remaining reward expectancy.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2024Article
- Convergent representation of values from tactile and visual inputs for efficient goal-directed behavior in the primate putamen.Nature communications · 2024Article
- Differential cholinergic innervation of lemniscal versus non-lemniscal regions of the inferior colliculus.Journal of chemical neuroanatomy · 2024Article
- Mixed Representations of Sound and Action in the Auditory Midbrain.The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience · 2024Article
- A dopamine mechanism for reward maximization.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2024Article
- Inhibiting cholinergic signalling in the cerebellar interpositus nucleus impairs motor behaviour.The European journal of neuroscience · 2024Article
- Inhibitory Pedunculopontine Neurons Gate Dopamine-Mediated Motor Actions of Unsigned Valence.Current neuropharmacology · 2024Article
- Inhibition of midbrain cholinergic neurons impairs decision-making strategies during reversal learning.Frontiers in molecular neuroscience · 2024Article
- Distinct cholinergic circuits underlie discrete effects of reward on attention.Frontiers in molecular neuroscience · 2024Review
- The Basal Ganglia and Mesencephalic Locomotor Region Connectivity Matrix.Current neuropharmacology · 2024Review
- Mixed representations of sound and action in the auditory midbrain.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2023Article
- Muscarinic and NMDA Receptors in the Substantia Nigra Play a Role in Reward-Related Learning.The international journal of neuropsychopharmacology · 2023Article
- Apathy in Parkinson's Disease: Defining the Park Apathy Subtype.Brain sciences · 2022Review
- Modulation of Dopamine for Adaptive Learning: A Neurocomputational Model.Computational brain & behavior · 2021Article
- Long-Term Value Memory in the Primate Posterior Thalamus for Fast Automatic Action.Current biology : CB · 2020Article
- Human decisions about when to act originate within a basal forebrain-nigral circuit.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2020Article
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Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Dopamine (DA) neurons in the midbrain are crucial for motivational control of behavior. However, recent studies suggest that signals transmitted by DA neurons are heterogeneous. This may reflect a wide range of inputs to DA neurons, but which signals are provided by which brain areas is still unclear. Here we focused on the pedunculopontine tegmental nucleus (PPTg) in macaque monkeys and characterized its inputs to DA neurons. Since the PPTg projects to many brain areas, it is crucial to identify PPTg neurons that project to DA neuron areas. For this purpose we used antidromic activation technique by electrically stimulating three locations (medial, central, lateral) in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc). We found SNc-projecting neurons mainly in the PPTg, and some in the cuneiform nucleus. Electrical stimulation in the SNc-projecting PPTg regions induced a burst of spikes in presumed DA neurons, suggesting that the PPTg-DA (SNc) connection is excitatory. Behavioral tasks and clinical tests showed that the SNc-projecting PPTg neurons encoded reward, sensorimotor and arousal/alerting signals. Importantly, reward-related PPTg neurons tended to project to the medial and central SNc, whereas sensorimotor/arousal/alerting-related PPTg neurons tended to project to the lateral SNc. Most reward-related signals were positively biased: excitation and inhibition when a better and worse reward was expected, respectively. These PPTg neurons tended to retain the reward value signal until after a reward outcome, representing 'value state'; this was different from DA neurons which show phasic signals representing 'value change'. Our data, together with previous studies, suggest that PPTg neurons send positive reward-related signals mainly to the medial-central SNc where DA neurons encode motivational values, and sensorimotor/arousal signals to the lateral SNc where DA neurons encode motivational salience.
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