ArticlePloS one2014
Mycoplasma pneumoniae CARDS toxin exacerbates ovalbumin-induced asthma-like inflammation in BALB/c mice.
Article in PloS one, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
24 citing papers in PubMed, 41 citations in OpenAlex.
- Innate and adaptive immunity pathways linking Mycoplasma pneumoniae to pediatric asthma phenotypes.European journal of pediatrics · 2026Review
- Pathogenesis and Risk Factors of Post-Infectious Bronchiolitis Obliterans in Children: A Focus on Adenovirus and Mycoplasma Infections.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Bacterial Toxin Exploits Host Membrane Phospholipid as a Receptor for Binding, Entry, and Cytopathogenicity.Molecular microbiology · 2026Article
- Immune dysregulation inFrontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Whole-genome probe capture sequencing reveals genomic diversity and characteristics ofFrontiers in microbiology · 2025Article
- Adjuvant-independent airway sensitization and infection mouse models leading to allergic asthma.Frontiers in allergy · 2024Review
- Host-Microbiota Interactions in the Esophagus During Homeostasis and Allergic Inflammation.Gastroenterology · 2022Article
- Impact of Therapeutics on Unified Immunity During Allergic Asthma and Respiratory Infections.Frontiers in allergy · 2022Review
- Review
- Effect of congenital heart disease on the recurrence of cough variant asthma in children.BMC cardiovascular disorders · 2021Article
- Comparison of different detection methods for Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection in children with community-acquired pneumonia.BMC pediatrics · 2021Article
- Article
- Community-Acquired Respiratory Distress Syndrome Toxin: Unique Exotoxin forFrontiers in microbiology · 2021Review
- Current perspectives on atypical pneumonia in children.Clinical and experimental pediatrics · 2020Article
- House dust mite exposure attenuates influenza A infection in a mouse model of pulmonary allergic inflammation.Microbial pathogenesis · 2019Article
- TheBioscience reports · 2019Article
- Review
- Bacterial-Host Interactions: Physiology and Pathophysiology of Respiratory Infection.Physiological reviews · 2018Review
- The Immunopathologic Effects of Mycoplasma pneumoniae and Community-acquired Respiratory Distress Syndrome Toxin. A Primate Model.American journal of respiratory cell and molecular biology · 2018Article
- Mycoplasma pneumoniae from the Respiratory Tract and Beyond.Clinical microbiology reviews · 2017Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
11 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Mycoplasma pneumoniae causes a range of airway and extrapulmonary pathologies in humans. Clinically, M. pneumoniae is associated with acute exacerbations of human asthma and a worsening of experimentally induced asthma in mice. Recently, we demonstrated that Community Acquired Respiratory Distress Syndrome (CARDS) toxin, an ADP-ribosylating and vacuolating toxin synthesized by M. pneumoniae, is sufficient to induce an asthma-like disease in BALB/cJ mice. To test the potential of CARDS toxin to exacerbate preexisting asthma, we examined inflammatory responses to recombinant CARDS toxin in an ovalbumin (OVA) murine model of asthma. Differences in pulmonary inflammatory responses between treatment groups were analyzed by histology, cell differentials and changes in cytokine and chemokine concentrations. Additionally, assessments of airway hyperreactivity were evaluated through direct pulmonary function measurements. Analysis of histology revealed exaggerated cellular inflammation with a strong eosinophilic component in the CARDS toxin-treated group. Heightened T-helper type-2 inflammatory responses were evidenced by increased expression of IL-4, IL-13, CCL17 and CCL22 corresponding with increased airway hyperreactivity in the CARDS toxin-treated mice. These data demonstrate that CARDS toxin can be a causal factor in the worsening of experimental allergic asthma, highlighting the potential importance of CARDS toxin in the etiology and exacerbation of human asthma.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.