ArticleJournal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition2014
Effects of soluble milk protein or casein supplementation on muscle fatigue following resistance training program: a randomized, double-blind, and placebo-controlled study.
Article in Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
23 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 39 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- Effects of dietary supplements on athletic performance in elite soccer players: a systematic review.Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition · 2023Pooled it
- Systematic review and meta-analysis of protein intake to support muscle mass and function in healthy adults.Journal of cachexia, sarcopenia and muscle · 2022Pooled it
- A systematic review, meta-analysis and meta-regression of the effect of protein supplementation on resistance training-induced gains in muscle mass and strength in healthy adults.British journal of sports medicine · 2018Pooled it
- From Gut to Skeletal Muscle: Synergistic Effects of Probiotics and Spirulina Supplementation on Soccer Players' Performance and Body Composition.Probiotics and antimicrobial proteins · 2026Trial
- Casein Supplementation Timing and Exercise Performance in Soccer Players: Pre-Sleep vs. Post-Exercise Intake-A Randomized Controlled Trial.Nutrients · 2025Trial
- Pre-sleep casein ingestion with probiotic strains improves anaerobic power and lower-body-specific strength and power performance in soccer players.Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition · 2025Trial
- Trial
- Effect of whey vs. soy protein supplementation on recovery kinetics following speed endurance training in competitive male soccer players: a randomized controlled trial.Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition · 2021Trial
- Trial
- Protein Supplementation Does Not Affect Myogenic Adaptations to Resistance Training.Medicine and science in sports and exercise · 2017Trial
- Protein Supplementation Has Minimal Effects on Muscle Adaptations during Resistance Exercise Training in Young Men: A Double-Blind Randomized Clinical Trial.The Journal of nutrition · 2016Trial
- Which Protein-Based Dietary Supplements Most Effectively Enhance Fat-Free Mass and Strength Gains in Healthy Adults Undergoing Resistance Training? A Network Meta-Analysis.Translational sports medicine · 2026Review
- Nutritional Supplements for Muscle Hypertrophy: Mechanisms and Morphology-Focused Evidence.Nutrients · 2025Review
- An Overview of Interactions between Goat Milk Casein and Other Food Components: Polysaccharides, Polyphenols, and Metal Ions.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Maximal Number of Repetitions at Percentages of the One Repetition Maximum: A Meta-Regression and Moderator Analysis of Sex, Age, Training Status, and Exercise.Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2024Review
- Acute Effects ofFrontiers in nutrition · 2021Article
- Article
- Article
- A Moderate Supplementation of Native Whey Protein Promotes Better Muscle Training and Recovery Adaptations Than Standard Whey Protein - A 12-Week Electrical Stimulation and Plyometrics Training Study.Frontiers in physiology · 2018Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThe effects of protein supplementation on muscle thickness, strength and fatigue seem largely dependent on its composition. The current study compared the effects of soluble milk protein, micellar casein, and a placebo on strength and fatigue during and after a resistance training program.
methodsSixty-eight physically active men participated in this randomized controlled trial and underwent 10 weeks of lower-body resistance training. Participants were randomly assigned to the Placebo (PLA), Soluble Milk Protein (SMP, with fast digestion rate) or Micellar Casein (MC, with slow digestion rate) group. During the 10-week training period, participants were instructed to take 30 g of the placebo or protein twice a day, or three times on training days. Tests were performed on quadriceps muscles at inclusion (PRE), after 4 weeks (MID) and after 10 weeks (POST) of training. They included muscle endurance (maximum number of repetitions during leg extensions using 70% of the individual maximal load), fatigue (decrease in muscle power after the endurance test), strength, power and muscle thickness.
resultsMuscle fatigue was significantly lower (P < 0.05) in the SMP group at MID and POST (-326.8 ± 114.1 W and -296.6 ± 130.1 W, respectively) as compared with PLA (-439.2 ± 153.9 W and -479.2 ± 138.1 W, respectively) and MC (-415.1 ± 165.1 W and -413.7 ± 139.4 W, respectively). Increases in maximal muscle power, strength, endurance and thickness were not statistically different between groups.
conclusionsThe present study demonstrated that protein composition has a large influence on muscular performance after prolonged resistance training. More specifically, as compared with placebo or micellar casein, soluble milk protein (fast digestible) appeared to significantly reduce muscle fatigue induced by intense resistance exercise.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.