ArticleAnnals of oncology : official journal of the European Society for Medical Oncology2014
Diabetes, antidiabetic medications, and pancreatic cancer risk: an analysis from the International Pancreatic Cancer Case-Control Consortium.
Article in Annals of oncology : official journal of the European Society for Medical Oncology, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 130 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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130 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 283 citations in OpenAlex.
- Do We Have Enough Evidence That Metformin Is Superior to Other Antidiabetic Drugs in Pancreatic Cancer Risk Reduction?International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Pooled it
- Application of causal inference methods in individual-participant data meta-analyses in medicine: addressing data handling and reporting gaps with new proposed reporting guidelines.BMC medical research methodology · 2024Pooled it
- The relationship between the use of metformin and the risk of pancreatic cancer in patients with diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC gastroenterology · 2023 · on this mapPooled it
- Advances in the Detection of Pancreatic Cancer Through Liquid Biopsy.Frontiers in oncology · 2021Pooled it
- Association of metformin, aspirin, and cancer incidence with mortality risk in adults with diabetes.JNCI cancer spectrum · 2023 · on this mapTrial
- Spatial Multiomics Analyses Reveal That Diabetes Promotes Pancreatic Cancer Progression by Stimulating Cholesterol-Induced Neutrophil Extracellular Trap Formation.Cancer research · 2026Article
- Article
- The rising burden of obesity-linked cancers in Saudi Arabia: a public health review.Annals of medicine and surgery (2012) · 2026Article
- Lower glycemic status was associated with pancreatic cancer risk in prediabetes, but not in diabetes: A nationwide cohort study.Journal of diabetes investigation · 2026Article
- The Effect of Advances in Pancreatic Cancer Treatment in Population Mortality: A Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results-Based Study.Gastro hep advances · 2026Article
- Pancreatic Cancer Screening in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Narrative Review.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2025Review
- Subnational trend and driving factors for pancreatic cancer burden in China, 1990-2021: an analysis based on the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021.Annals of medicine · 2025Article
- Clock genes in pancreatic disease progression: from circadian regulation to dysfunction.Annals of medicine · 2025Review
- Anti-diabetic medications and cancer: links beyond glycemic and body weight control.Precision clinical medicine · 2025Review
- Association between prediagnostic serum metabolites and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma risk in two prospective cohorts.International journal of cancer · 2025Article
- Development of scoring models to predict early pancreatic cancer risk in new-onset diabetes mellitus patients.Hepatobiliary surgery and nutrition · 2025Article
- An interpretable machine learning model for predicting early liver metastasis after pancreatic cancer surgery.BMC cancer · 2025Article
- A study of the association betweenOncology letters · 2025Article
- Discordant risk factors between pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.Endocrine-related cancer · 2025Article
- Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists and pancreatic cancer risk: target trial emulation using real-world data.Journal of the National Cancer Institute · 2025Article
70 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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39 authors at 20 institutions in 14 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundType 2 diabetes mellitus has been associated with an excess risk of pancreatic cancer, but the magnitude of the risk and the time-risk relationship are unclear, and there is limited information on the role of antidiabetic medications. PATIENTS AND
methodsWe analyzed individual-level data from 15 case-control studies within the Pancreatic Cancer Case-Control Consortium, including 8305 cases and 13 987 controls. Pooled odds ratios (ORs) were estimated from multiple logistic regression models, adjusted for relevant covariates.
resultsOverall, 1155 (15%) cases and 1087 (8%) controls reported a diagnosis of diabetes 2 or more years before cancer diagnosis (or interview, for controls), corresponding to an OR of 1.90 (95% confidence interval, CI, 1.72-2.09). Consistent risk estimates were observed across strata of selected covariates, including body mass index and tobacco smoking. Pancreatic cancer risk decreased with duration of diabetes, but a significant excess risk was still evident 20 or more years after diabetes diagnosis (OR 1.30, 95% CI 1.03-1.63). Among diabetics, long duration of oral antidiabetic use was associated with a decreased pancreatic cancer risk (OR 0.31, 95% CI 0.14-0.69, for ≥15 years). Conversely, insulin use was associated with a pancreatic cancer risk in the short term (OR 5.60, 95% CI 3.75-8.35, for <5 years), but not for longer duration of use (OR 0.95, 95% CI 0.53-1.70, for ≥15 years).
conclusionThis study provides the most definitive quantification to date of an excess risk of pancreatic cancer among diabetics. It also shows that a 30% excess risk persists for more than two decades after diabetes diagnosis, thus supporting a causal role of diabetes in pancreatic cancer. Oral antidiabetics may decrease the risk of pancreatic cancer, whereas insulin showed an inconsistent duration-risk relationship.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.