ArticleBMJ open2014
Validation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease recording in the Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD-GOLD).
Article in BMJ open, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT02681848 (What Are the Effects of Varenicline Compared With Nicotine Replacement Therapy on Long Term Smoking Cessation and Clinically Important Outcomes?), which is not on this map. Cited by 160 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
What Are the Effects of Varenicline Compared With Nicotine Replacement Therapy on Long Term Smoking Cessation and Clinically Important Outcomes?
Who cites it
160 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 253 citations in OpenAlex.
- A Systematic Review of Codelists to Identify Chronic Bronchitis and Emphysema in Routine Electronic Healthcare Record Data and Derivation of a Standardized Codelist for Future Research.International journal of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease · 2025Pooled it
- Hospitalisation and mortality in patients with comorbid COPD and heart failure: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Respiratory research · 2020Pooled it
- Identification of validated case definitions for medical conditions used in primary care electronic medical record databases: a systematic review.Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association : JAMIA · 2018Pooled it
- Factors influencing the development of primary care data collection projects from electronic health records: a systematic review of the literature.BMC medical informatics and decision making · 2017Pooled it
- Trends in the incidence of atrial fibrillation and the prescription of oral anticoagulants in adults with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in UK primary care (2010-2022): a cohort study.EClinicalMedicine · 2026Article
- Article
- Developing and validating the CE-MACE model to predict 1-year major adverse cardiovascular events post-COPD exacerbation using routine healthcare data.The European respiratory journal · 2026Article
- Development and validation of PRECISE-X model: predicting first severe exacerbation in COPD.Thorax · 2026Article
- The role of COPD and inhaled corticosteroids in major adverse cardiovascular events in cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic populations.BMC medicine · 2026Article
- Quantifying selection bias due to unobserved patients in pharmacoepidemiologic studies of severe COVID-19 cohorts.BMC medical research methodology · 2026Article
- Replication of COPD susceptibility loci in a large Chinese elderly population using a validated, multi-setting EHR phenotype.BMC pulmonary medicine · 2026Article
- Long-Term Inhaled Corticosteroid Use and the Risk of Open-Angle Glaucoma in Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease.International journal of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease · 2026Article
- Comparative Effectiveness and Safety of Fluticasone-Umeclidinium-Vilanterol and Beclomethasone-Glycopyrronium-Formoterol Single-Inhaler Triple Therapies for COPD: Real-World Observational Study.International journal of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease · 2026Observational
- Applying High-Dimensional Propensity Scores in a Study of Inhaled Corticosteroids and COVID-19 Outcomes.Pharmacoepidemiology and drug safety · 2025Article
- Acute coronary syndrome after an infective exacerbation of COPD: a prospective cohort study of acute lower respiratory tract disease in hospitalised adults.ERJ open research · 2025Article
- Identification of clinically meaningful, overlapping obstructive respiratory disease subtypes via data-driven approaches in a primary care population.BMC pulmonary medicine · 2025Article
- Article
- Ambient Air Pollution and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: The Multiethnic Cohort Study.Annals of the American Thoracic Society · 2025Article
- Development and external validation of the electronic frailty index 2 using routine primary care electronic health record data.Age and ageing · 2025Article
- The risk of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: a real-world cohort study from 136,821 patients.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
100 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 5 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
objectivesThe optimal method of identifying people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) from electronic primary care records is not known. We assessed the accuracy of different approaches using the Clinical Practice Research Datalink, a UK electronic health record database.
setting951 participants registered with a CPRD practice in the UK between 1 January 2004 and 31 December 2012. Individuals were selected for ≥1 of 8 algorithms to identify people with COPD. General practitioners were sent a brief questionnaire and additional evidence to support a COPD diagnosis was requested. All information received was reviewed independently by two respiratory physicians whose opinion was taken as the gold standard. PRIMARY OUTCOME MEASURE: The primary measure of accuracy was the positive predictive value (PPV), the proportion of people identified by each algorithm for whom COPD was confirmed.
results951 questionnaires were sent and 738 (78%) returned. After quality control, 696 (73.2%) patients were included in the final analysis. All four algorithms including a specific COPD diagnostic code performed well. Using a diagnostic code alone, the PPV was 86.5% (77.5-92.3%) while requiring a diagnosis plus spirometry plus specific medication; the PPV was slightly higher at 89.4% (80.7-94.5%) but reduced case numbers by 10%. Algorithms without specific diagnostic codes had low PPVs (range 12.2-44.4%).
conclusionsPatients with COPD can be accurately identified from UK primary care records using specific diagnostic codes. Requiring spirometry or COPD medications only marginally improved accuracy. The high accuracy applies since the introduction of an incentivised disease register for COPD as part of Quality and Outcomes Framework in 2004.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.