Evidence map›Paper›PMID 25056893›Full record

ArticleJournal of virology2014

Virome analysis of Amblyomma americanum, Dermacentor variabilis, and Ixodes scapularis ticks reveals novel highly divergent vertebrate and invertebrate viruses.

Rafal Tokarz, Simon Hedley Williams, Stephen Sameroff, Maria Sanchez Leon, Komal Jain, W Ian Lipkin

Open access · bronzeAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of virology, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 124 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
124citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
10.1field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

124 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 205 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
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  7. A Field Study Examining the Attraction of AdultPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025
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64 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Rafal TokarzCenter for Infection and Immunity, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA rt2249@cumc.columbia.edu.
Simon Hedley WilliamsCenter for Infection and Immunity, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA.
Stephen SameroffCenter for Infection and Immunity, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA.
Maria Sanchez LeonCenter for Infection and Immunity, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA.
Komal JainCenter for Infection and Immunity, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA.
W Ian LipkinCenter for Infection and Immunity, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA.
Columbia University · US

Funding

Translational CoreU19AI109761 · NIAID · COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY HEALTH SCIENCES · PI LIPKIN, W. IAN · 2014 to 2018
$32.6M
NIAID NIH HHS 1U19AI109761NIAID NIH HHS U19 AI109761
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

unlabelledA wide range of bacterial pathogens have been identified in ticks, yet the diversity of viruses in ticks is largely unexplored. In the United States, Amblyomma americanum, Dermacentor variabilis, and Ixodes scapularis are among the principal tick species associated with pathogen transmission. We used high-throughput sequencing to characterize the viromes of these tick species and identified the presence of Powassan virus and eight novel viruses. These included the most divergent nairovirus described to date, two new clades of tick-borne phleboviruses, a mononegavirus, and viruses with similarity to plant and insect viruses. Our analysis revealed that ticks are reservoirs for a wide range of viruses and suggests that discovery and characterization of tick-borne viruses will have implications for viral taxonomy and may provide insight into tick-transmitted diseases. IMPORTANCE: Ticks are implicated as vectors of a wide array of human and animal pathogens. To better understand the extent of tick-borne diseases, it is crucial to uncover the full range of microbial agents associated with ticks. Our current knowledge of the diversity of tick-associated viruses is limited, in part due to the lack of investigation of tick viromes. In this study, we examined the viromes of three tick species from the United States. We found that ticks are hosts to highly divergent viruses across several taxa, including ones previously associated with human disease. Our data underscore the diversity of tick-associated viruses and provide the foundation for further studies into viral etiology of tick-borne diseases.

Indexed as

Arachnid VectorsGenome, ViralPhylogenyTicksAmino Acid SequenceAnimalsDermacentorDisease ReservoirsDNA-Directed RNA PolymerasesEncephalitis Viruses, Tick-BorneHigh-Throughput Nucleotide SequencingHumansIxodesMolecular Sequence DataMononegaviralesNairovirusDNA-Directed RNA PolymerasesViral Proteins

Identifiers

PMID25056893
PMCPMC4178814
OpenAlexW2024784534

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.