ArticleJournal of applied toxicology : JAT2015
In vitro evaluation of the effects of perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) on IL-2 production in human T-cells.
Article in Journal of applied toxicology : JAT, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed, 55 citations in OpenAlex.
- PFAS exposure and reproductive dysfunction: implications for outcomes in assisted reproductive technologies.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Review
- Association between environmental endocrine disruptors and autoimmune diseases: A systematic review and meta-analysis.iScience · 2025Article
- [Simultaneous determination of 17 perfluoroalkyl substances in beef by EMR-Lipid dispersive solid-phase extraction and ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry].Se pu = Chinese journal of chromatography · 2024Article
- Guardians under Siege: Exploring Pollution's Effects on Human Immunity.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Determination ofFrontiers in toxicology · 2024Article
- The Effects of Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS) on Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells (HUVECs) Proliferation and Gene Expression and its Implications on Fetal Development.microPublication biology · 2024Article
- Legacy and emerging per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances suppress the neutrophil respiratory burst.Journal of immunotoxicology · 2023Article
- Perfluorooctanoic acid exposure and its neurodegenerative consequences in C57BL6/J mice.Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2023Article
- Perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) decrease the expression of recombination-activating genes (RAG1 and RAG2) in human B lymphoma Namalwa cells.Archives of toxicology · 2022Article
- The Role of Ferroptosis in the Damage of Human Proximal Tubule Epithelial Cells Caused by Perfluorooctane Sulfonate.Toxics · 2022Article
- Inactivation of common airborne antigens by perfluoroalkyl chemicals modulates early life allergic asthma.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2021Article
- Risk to human health related to the presence of perfluoroalkyl substances in food.EFSA journal. European Food Safety Authority · 2020Article
- Perfluoroalkyls/polyfluoroalkyl substances and dental caries experience in children, ages 3-11 years, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2013-2014.Journal of public health dentistry · 2019Article
- META-ANALYSIS OF DOLPHIN AND HUMAN PERIPHERAL BLOOD MONONUCLEAR CELLS REVEALS INFLAMMATORY SIGNATURES ASSOCIATED WITH EXPOSURE TO HIGH LEVELS OF PERFLUOROALKYL SUBSTANCES.International journal of advances in science, engineering and technology · 2019Article
- Immunotoxic and hepatotoxic effects of perfluoro-n-decanoic acid (PFDA) on female Harlan Sprague-Dawley rats and BJournal of immunotoxicology · 2018Article
- Risk to human health related to the presence of perfluorooctane sulfonic acid and perfluorooctanoic acid in food.EFSA journal. European Food Safety Authority · 2018Article
- Prenatal exposure to perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances and childhood atopic dermatitis: a prospective birth cohort study.Environmental health : a global access science source · 2018Article
- Effects of Perfluorooctanoic Acid on the Associated Genes Expression of Autophagy Signaling Pathway ofFrontiers in physiology · 2018Article
- Environmental perfluorooctane sulfonate exposure drives T cell activation in bottlenose dolphins.Journal of applied toxicology : JAT · 2017Article
- Recent developments in polyfluoroalkyl compounds research: a focus on human/environmental health impact, suggested substitutes and removal strategies.Environmental monitoring and assessment · 2017Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Perfluorinated compounds, such as perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), have been shown to alter various immune functions suggesting they are immunotoxic. This study assessed the effects of PFOS and PFOA on interleukin (IL)-2 production in the human Jurkat T-cell line and PFOS in healthy human primary T cells. Jurkat cells were stimulated with phytohemagglutinin (PHA)/phorbol myristate acetate (PMA), anti CD-3/anti CD-28, or anti CD-3, and dosed with 0, 0.05, 0.1, 0.5, 1, 5, 10, 50, 75, or 100 µg ml(-1) PFOS or 0, 0.005, 0.01, 0.05, 0.1, 0.5, 1, 5, or 10 µg ml(-1) PFOA. Jurkat cells stimulated with PHA/PMA or anti CD-3 exhibited decreased IL-2 production beginning at 50 µg PFOS ml(-1) and 5 µg PFOS ml(-1) respectively, but stimulation with anti-CD3/anti-CD28 resulted in no changes compared with the control. Addition of the PPAR-alpha antagonist GW6471 to PFOS-dosed cells stimulated with PHA/PMA resulted in decreases in IL-2 production starting at 50 µg PFOS ml(-1), which suggests PFOS affected T-cell IL-2 production via PPAR-alpha-independent mechanisms. Exposure to PFOA, PFOA + GW6471, or PFOS + PFOA in Jurkat cells resulted in no significant differences in IL-2 production. In vitro dosing studies using healthy primary human CD4+ T cells were consistent with the Jurkat results. These data demonstrated that PFOA did not impact IL-2 production, but PFOS suppressed IL-2 production in both a human cell line and human primary cells at dose levels within the high end of the human exposure range. A decrease in IL-2 production is characteristic of autoimmune diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus and should be further investigated.
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