Evidence map›Paper›PMID 25053841›Full record

ArticleNucleic acids research2014

Induction and suppression of tick cell antiviral RNAi responses by tick-borne flaviviruses.

Esther Schnettler, Hana Tykalová, Mick Watson, Mayuri Sharma, Mark G Sterken, Darren J Obbard, Samuel H Lewis, Melanie McFarlane, Lesley Bell-Sakyi, Gerald Barry and 9 more

Open access · goldAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Nucleic acids research, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 100 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
100citing papers in PubMed
13.8field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

100 citing papers in PubMed, 143 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
  2. SFTSV NSs protein is a tick antiviral RNAi response suppressor.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026
    Article
  3. Review
  4. Article
  5. Cellular Biology: Virus-Host Interactions and RNA Structure and Function.Current topics in microbiology and immunology · 2026
    Review
  6. Article
  7. Review
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Review
  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Review
  15. Ixodes ricinus as potential vector for Usutu virus.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2024
    Article
  16. Review
  17. Article
  18. Article
  19. Symbiotic Bacteria ModulateInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2023
    Article
  20. Review

40 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

19 authors at 9 institutions in 4 countries.

Esther SchnettlerMRC - University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, Glasgow G11 5JR, UK The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midlothian EH25 9RG, UK Esther.Schnettler@glasgow.ac.uk.
Hana TykalováFaculty of Science, University of South Bohemia and Biology Centre, Institute of Parasitology, Czech Academy of Sciences, 37005 České Budějovice (Budweis), Czech Republic.
Mick WatsonThe Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midlothian EH25 9RG, UK.
Mayuri SharmaMarkey Centre for Structural Biology, Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette IN 47907, USA.
Mark G SterkenLaboratory of Virology, Wageningen University, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands.
Darren J ObbardInstitute of Evolutionary Biology and Centre for Infection Immunity and Evolution, University of Edinburgh, EH9 3JT, UK.
Samuel H LewisInstitute of Evolutionary Biology and Centre for Infection Immunity and Evolution, University of Edinburgh, EH9 3JT, UK.
Melanie McFarlaneMRC - University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, Glasgow G11 5JR, UK.
Lesley Bell-SakyiThe Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midlothian EH25 9RG, UK.
Gerald BarryThe Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midlothian EH25 9RG, UK.
Sabine WeisheitThe Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midlothian EH25 9RG, UK.
Sonja M BestInnate Immunity and Pathogenesis Unit, Laboratory of Virology, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT 59840, USA.
Richard J KuhnMarkey Centre for Structural Biology, Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette IN 47907, USA.
Gorben P PijlmanLaboratory of Virology, Wageningen University, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands.
Margo E Chase-ToppingCentre for Immunity, Infection and Evolution, University of Edinburgh, EH9 3JT, UK.
Ernest A GouldUnité des Virus Emergents, Faculté de Médicine Timone, 13385 Marseille Cedex 05, France Centre for Hydrology and Ecology, Maclean Building, Oxon OX10 8BB, UK.
Libor GrubhofferFaculty of Science, University of South Bohemia and Biology Centre, Institute of Parasitology, Czech Academy of Sciences, 37005 České Budějovice (Budweis), Czech Republic.
John K FazakerleyThe Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midlothian EH25 9RG, UK.
Alain KohlMRC - University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, Glasgow G11 5JR, UK The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midlothian EH25 9RG, UK alain.kohl@glasgow.ac.uk.
Roslin Institute · GBUniversity of Edinburgh · GBPurdue University West Lafayette · USWageningen University & Research · NLCentre for Immunity, Infection and Evolution · GBCzech Academy of Sciences · CZCzech Academy of Sciences, Biology Centre · CZMRC University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research · GBNational Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases · US

Funding

Virus-Host Interactions: Induction and Evasion of Host Innate ImmunityZIAAI001125 · NIAID · NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ALLERGY AND INFECTIOUS DISEASES · PI BEST, SONJA · 2010 to 2025
$28.1M
Structure-function studies of alpha-and flavivirusesP01AI055672 · NIAID · PURDUE UNIVERSITY WEST LAFAYETTE · PI KUHN, RICHARD J. · 2003 to 2010
$18.4M
Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research CouncilIntramural NIH HHSMedical Research Council MC_UP_A550_1031Medical Research Council MC_UU_12014/8NIAID NIH HHS P01 AI055672PHS HHS AIO055672Wellcome Trust 085064/Z/08/ZWellcome Trust 088588Wellcome Trust 095831
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Arboviruses are transmitted by distantly related arthropod vectors such as mosquitoes (class Insecta) and ticks (class Arachnida). RNA interference (RNAi) is the major antiviral mechanism in arthropods against arboviruses. Unlike in mosquitoes, tick antiviral RNAi is not understood, although this information is important to compare arbovirus/host interactions in different classes of arbovirus vectos. Using an Ixodes scapularis-derived cell line, key Argonaute proteins involved in RNAi and the response against tick-borne Langat virus (Flaviviridae) replication were identified and phylogenetic relationships characterized. Analysis of small RNAs in infected cells showed the production of virus-derived small interfering RNAs (viRNAs), which are key molecules of the antiviral RNAi response. Importantly, viRNAs were longer (22 nucleotides) than those from other arbovirus vectors and mapped at highest frequency to the termini of the viral genome, as opposed to mosquito-borne flaviviruses. Moreover, tick-borne flaviviruses expressed subgenomic flavivirus RNAs that interfere with tick RNAi. Our results characterize the antiviral RNAi response in tick cells including phylogenetic analysis of genes encoding antiviral proteins, and viral interference with this pathway. This shows important differences in antiviral RNAi between the two major classes of arbovirus vectors, and our data broadens our understanding of arthropod antiviral RNAi.

Indexed as

RNA InterferenceAnimalsArgonaute ProteinsCell LineEncephalitis Viruses, Tick-BorneIxodesRibonuclease IIIRNA, Small InterferingRNA, Small UntranslatedRNA, ViralArgonaute ProteinsRibonuclease IIIRNA, Small InterferingRNA, Small UntranslatedRNA, Viral

Identifiers

PMID25053841
PMCPMC4132761
OpenAlexW2114312630

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.