Evidence map›Paper›PMID 25053430›Full record

ArticleDevelopment (Cambridge, England)2014

Retinoic acid controls body axis extension by directly repressing Fgf8 transcription.

Sandeep Kumar, Gregg Duester

Open access · bronzeAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Development (Cambridge, England), 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 76 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
76citing papers in PubMed
6.3field-weighted citation impact, top 3% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

76 citing papers in PubMed, 128 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
  2. Retinoic acid in health and disease.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2026
    Review
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. Review
  9. Article
  10. Retinoic acid receptor assembly dynamics governs dual functions in cochlear organogenesis.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025
    Article
  11. Review
  12. Article
  13. Review
  14. Zebrafish model of RERE syndrome recapitulates key ophthalmic defects that are rescued by small molecule inhibitor of shh signaling.Developmental dynamics : an official publication of the American Association of Anatomists · 2023
    Article
  15. Article
  16. Article
  17. Retinoic acid, RARs and early development.Journal of molecular endocrinology · 2022
    Article
  18. Article
  19. Article
  20. Review

16 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Sandeep KumarDevelopment, Aging, and Regeneration Program, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
Gregg DuesterDevelopment, Aging, and Regeneration Program, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA duester@sanfordburnham.org.
Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute · US

Funding

Generation of Retinoid Signals During DevelopmentR01GM062848 · NIGMS · SANFORD BURNHAM PREBYS MEDICAL DISCOVERY INSTITUTE · PI DUESTER, GREGG L · 2002 to 2015
$4.6M
NIGMS NIH HHS GM062848NIGMS NIH HHS R01 GM062848
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Retinoic acid (RA) generated in the mesoderm of vertebrate embryos controls body axis extension by downregulating Fgf8 expression in cells exiting the caudal progenitor zone. RA activates transcription by binding to nuclear RA receptors (RARs) at RA response elements (RAREs), but it is unknown whether RA can directly repress transcription. Here, we analyzed a conserved RARE upstream of Fgf8 that binds RAR isoforms in mouse embryos. Transgenic embryos carrying Fgf8 fused to lacZ exhibited expression similar to caudal Fgf8, but deletion of the RARE resulted in ectopic trunk expression extending into somites and neuroectoderm. Epigenetic analysis using chromatin immunoprecipitation of trunk tissues from E8.25 wild-type and Raldh2(-/-) embryos lacking RA synthesis revealed RA-dependent recruitment of the repressive histone marker H3K27me3 and polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2) near the Fgf8 RARE. The co-regulator RERE, the loss of which results in ectopic Fgf8 expression and somite defects, was recruited near the RARb RARE by RA, but was released from the Fgf8 RARE by RA. Our findings demonstrate that RA directly represses Fgf8 through a RARE-mediated mechanism that promotes repressive chromatin, thus providing valuable insight into the mechanism of RA-FGF antagonism during progenitor cell differentiation.

Indexed as

Gene Expression Regulation, DevelopmentalAnimalsBase SequenceBody PatterningCell DifferentiationChromatinEpigenesis, GeneticFibroblast Growth Factor 8HistonesLigandsMesodermMiceMice, TransgenicMolecular Sequence DataProtein IsoformsReceptors, Retinoic AcidChromatinFgf8 protein, mouseFibroblast Growth Factor 8HistonesLigandsProtein IsoformsReceptors, Retinoic AcidTretinoinBody axis extensionFgf8Ligand-induced repressionNeurogenesisPRC2Raldh2RERERetinoic acidSomitogenesis

Identifiers

PMID25053430
PMCPMC4197666
OpenAlexW2136262485

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.