ArticleDevelopment (Cambridge, England)2014
Ectopic TBX1 suppresses thymic epithelial cell differentiation and proliferation during thymus organogenesis.
Article in Development (Cambridge, England), 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 35 citations in OpenAlex.
- Fibroblast-driven collagen expansion and altered thymic medullary niches in 22q11.2 deletion syndrome.Journal of human immunity · 2026Article
- Integrative Multiomic Classification Reveals Distinct Origins and Evolutionary Trajectories of Thymic Epithelial Tumors.Cancer research · 2026Article
- Thymus Ontogeny and Development.Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2025Review
- Primary and secondary defects of the thymus.Immunological reviews · 2024Review
- OVOL2 sustains postnatal thymic epithelial cell identity.Nature communications · 2023Article
- Mesenchymal cell replacement corrects thymic hypoplasia in murine models of 22q11.2 deletion syndrome.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2022Article
- Transcriptional and epigenetic regulation in thymic epithelial cells.Immunological reviews · 2022Review
- Congenital Athymia: Genetic Etiologies, Clinical Manifestations, Diagnosis, and Treatment.Journal of clinical immunology · 2021Review
- Thymus Inception: Molecular Network in the Early Stages of Thymus Organogenesis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2020Review
- High expression of KITLG is a new hallmark activating the MAPK pathway in type A and AB thymoma.Thoracic cancer · 2020Article
- Canonical Notch signaling controls the early thymic epithelial progenitor cell state and emergence of the medullary epithelial lineage in fetal thymus development.Development (Cambridge, England) · 2020Article
- T-Cell Immunodeficiencies With Congenital Alterations of Thymic Development: Genes Implicated and Differential Immunological and Clinical Features.Frontiers in immunology · 2020Review
- Molecular Insights Into the Causes of Human Thymic Hypoplasia With Animal Models.Frontiers in immunology · 2020Review
- "Beige" Cross Talk Between the Immune System and Metabolism.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2019Article
- The Genetics and Epigenetics of 22q11.2 Deletion Syndrome.Frontiers in genetics · 2019Review
- Embryology of the Parathyroid Glands.Endocrinology and metabolism clinics of North America · 2018Review
- Polycomb Repressive Complex 2 is essential for development and maintenance of a functional TEC compartment.Scientific reports · 2018Article
- Tissue-specific roles for sonic hedgehog signaling in establishing thymus and parathyroid organ fate.Development (Cambridge, England) · 2016Article
- FOXN1 in thymus organogenesis and development.European journal of immunology · 2016Review
- Functional Conservation of the Glide/Gcm Regulatory Network Controlling Glia, Hemocyte, and Tendon Cell Differentiation in Drosophila.Genetics · 2016Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The thymus and parathyroid glands arise from a shared endodermal primordium in the third pharyngeal pouch (3rd pp). Thymus fate is specified in the ventral 3rd pp between E9.5 and E11, whereas parathyroid fate is specified in the dorsal domain. The molecular mechanisms that specify fate and regulate thymus and parathyroid development are not fully delineated. Previous reports suggested that Tbx1 is required for thymus organogenesis because loss of Tbx1 in individuals with DiGeorge syndrome and in experimental Tbx1 deletion mutants is associated with thymus aplasia or hypoplasia. However, the thymus phenotype is likely to be secondary to defects in pharyngeal pouch formation. Furthermore, the absence of Tbx1 expression in the thymus-fated domain of the wild-type 3rd pp suggested that Tbx1 is instead a negative regulator of thymus organogenesis. To test this hypothesis, we generated a novel mouse strain in which expression of a conditional Tbx1 allele was ectopically activated in the thymus-fated domain of the 3rd pp. Ectopic Tbx1 expression severely repressed expression of Foxn1, a transcription factor that marks the thymus-fated domain and is required for differentiation and proliferation of thymic epithelial cell (TEC) progenitors. By contrast, ectopic Tbx1 did not alter the expression pattern of Gcm2, a transcription factor restricted to the parathyroid-fated domain and required for parathyroid development. Ectopic Tbx1 expression impaired TEC proliferation and arrested TEC differentiation at an early progenitor stage. The results support the hypothesis that Tbx1 negatively regulates TEC growth and differentiation, and that extinction of Tbx1 expression in 3rd pp endoderm is a prerequisite for thymus organogenesis.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.