ArticleBMJ open2014
Prescription opioid injection and risk of hepatitis C in relation to traditional drugs of misuse in a prospective cohort of street youth.
Article in BMJ open, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 25 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
25 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 38 citations in OpenAlex.
- Health harms of non-medical prescription opioid use: A systematic review.Drug and alcohol review · 2022Pooled it
- Management of opioid use disorders: a national clinical practice guideline.CMAJ : Canadian Medical Association journal = journal de l'Association medicale canadienne · 2018Guideline
- Infectious Diseases Among People Experiencing Homelessness: A Systematic Review of the Literature in the United States and Canada, 2003-2022.Public health reports (Washington, D.C. : 1974)Pooled it
- What We (Don't) Know About the Infectious Disease Burden Among Youth Experiencing Homelessness in the United States and Canada.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2025Review
- Association Between Prescription Opioid Therapy for Noncancer Pain and Hepatitis C Virus Seroconversion.JAMA network open · 2022Article
- The hepatitis C epidemic in Canada: An overview of recent trends in surveillance, injection drug use, harm reduction and treatment.Canada communicable disease report = Releve des maladies transmissibles au Canada · 2021Article
- Drugs of Abuse and Their Impact on Viral Pathogenesis.Viruses · 2021Review
- Opioid agonist therapy trajectories among street entrenched youth in the context of a public health crisis.SSM - population health · 2020Article
- Cocaine and methamphetamine: Pharmacology and dental implications.Canadian journal of dental hygiene : CJDH = Journal canadien de l'hygiene dentaire : JCHD · 2020Review
- Prescription opioid injection among young people who inject drugs in New York City: a mixed-methods description and associations with hepatitis C virus infection and overdose.Harm reduction journal · 2020Article
- The opioid mortality epidemic in North America: do we understand the supply side dynamics of this unprecedented crisis?Substance abuse treatment, prevention, and policy · 2020Article
- Emergent spinal MRI in IVDU patients presenting with back pain: do we need an MRI in every case?Emergency radiology · 2018Article
- Cessation of Injecting and Preceding Drug Use Patterns Among a Prospective Cohort of Street-Involved Youth.The Journal of adolescent health : official publication of the Society for Adolescent Medicine · 2017Article
- HIV treatment as prevention among people who inject drugs - a re-evaluation of the evidence.International journal of epidemiology · 2017Article
- Descriptive and injunctive network norms associated with nonmedical use of prescription drugs among homeless youth.Addictive behaviors · 2017Article
- Prescription Opioid Injection Among HIV-Positive People Who Inject Drugs in a Canadian Setting.AIDS and behavior · 2016Article
- Comparing two sampling methods to engage hard-to-reach communities in research priority setting.BMC medical research methodology · 2016Article
- Factors associated with knowledge of a Good Samaritan Law among young adults who use prescription opioids non-medically.Harm reduction journal · 2016Article
- Epidemiology of Injection Drug Use: New Trends and Prominent Issues.Canadian journal of psychiatry. Revue canadienne de psychiatrie · 2016Review
- Nonmedical opioid use and heroin use in a nationally representative sample of us high school seniors.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2016Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveDespite dramatic increases in the misuse of prescription opioids, the extent to which their intravenous injection places drug users at risk of acquiring hepatitis C virus (HCV) remains unclear. We sought to compare risk of HCV acquisition from injection of prescription opioids to that from other street drugs among high-risk street youth.
designProspective cohort study.
settingVancouver, British Columbia, Canada from September 2005 to November 2011.
participantsThe At-Risk Youth Study (ARYS) is a prospective cohort of drug-using adolescents and young adults aged 14-26 years. Participants were recruited through street-based outreach and snowball sampling. PRIMARY OUTCOME MEASURE: HCV antibody seroconversion, measured every 6 months during follow-up. Risk for seroconversion from injection of prescription opioids was compared with injection of other street drugs of misuse, including heroin, cocaine or crystal methamphetamine, using Cox proportional hazards regression controlling for age, gender and syringe sharing.
resultsBaseline HCV seropositivity was 10.6%. Among 512 HCV-seronegative youth contributing 860.2 person-years of follow-up, 56 (10.9%) seroconverted, resulting in an incidence density of 6.5/100 person-years. In bivariate analyses, prescription opioid injection (HR=3.48; 95% CI 1.57 to 7.70) predicted HCV seroconversion. However, in multivariate modelling, only injection of heroin (adjusted HR=4.56; 95% CI 2.39 to 8.70), cocaine (adjusted HR=1.88; 95% CI 1.00 to 3.54) and crystal methamphetamine (adjusted HR=2.91; 95% CI 1.57 to 5.38) remained independently associated with HCV seroconversion, whereas injection of prescription opioids did not (adjusted HR=0.94; 95% CI 0.40 to 2.21).
conclusionsAlthough misuse of prescription opioids is on the rise, traditional street drugs still posed the greatest threat of HCV transmission in this setting. Nonetheless, the high prevalence and incidence of HCV among Canadian street youth underscore the need for evidence-based drug prevention, treatment and harm reduction interventions targeting this vulnerable population.
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