ReviewCardiology in review
Prevention and treatment in utero of autoimmune-associated congenital heart block.
Review in Cardiology in review. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 42 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
42 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 104 citations in OpenAlex.
- Guidelines on the Use of Therapeutic Apheresis in Clinical Practice-Evidence-Based Approach From the Writing Committee of the American Society for Apheresis: The Tenth Special Issue.Journal of clinical apheresis · 2026Guideline
- Clinical practice guideline on pregnancy and renal disease.BMC nephrology · 2019Guideline
- EULAR recommendations for women's health and the management of family planning, assisted reproduction, pregnancy and menopause in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus and/or antiphospholipid syndrome.Annals of the rheumatic diseases · 2017Guideline
- Fetal Intraperitoneal Immunoglobulin for Autoimmune Myocarditis and AV Block: First Clinical Experience in 5 Fetuses.JACC. Case reports · 2026Article
- Hope in Miniature: The First Case of Implantation of a "Tiny Pacemaker" in Italy as a Successful Treatment for Congenital Atrioventricular Block in a Low Birth Weight Child.Case reports in cardiology · 2026Article
- Neonatal lupus erythematosus: an acquired autoimmune disease to be taken seriously.Annals of medicine · 2025Review
- Cardiac Involvement in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus.Reviews in cardiovascular medicine · 2025Review
- Effects of maternal anti-Ro/La antibodies on fetal atrioventricular conduction evaluated with echocardiography: a state-of-the-art review.Archives of gynecology and obstetrics · 2025Review
- A 1-year review of anti-Ro/La autoantibody testing in an obstetric population.Irish journal of medical science · 2025Article
- Late outcomes of congenital and childhood non-immune, isolated atrioventricular block: a French nationwide retrospective cohort study.Europace : European pacing, arrhythmias, and cardiac electrophysiology : journal of the working groups on cardiac pacing, arrhythmias, and cardiac cellular electrophysiology of the European Society of Cardiology · 2025Article
- Anti-Ro/SSA antibodies in adult arrhythmias: pathogenesis, clinical implications, and therapeutic strategies.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Molecular Mechanisms of Fetal and Neonatal Lupus: A Narrative Review of an Autoimmune Disease Transferal across the Placenta.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Complete Congenital Heart Block in the Offspring of an Asymptomatic Woman with Isolated High Titer Anti-Ro Antibody.Acta medica Philippina · 2024Article
- Autoimmune Congenital Complete Heart Block: How Late Can It Occur?AJP reports · 2023Review
- Reversal of Fetal Heart Block in Antibody-Positive Mother After Hydroxychloroquine and Dexamethasone.Pediatric cardiology · 2023Article
- Outcome of Fetal Dysrhythmias with and without Extracardiac Anomalies.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Neonatal lupus erythematosus - prevention is better than cure.Postepy dermatologii i alergologii · 2022Review
- Pregnancy Outcomes in Undifferentiated Connective Tissue Disease Compared to Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: A Single Academic Center's Experience.Arthritis care & research · 2022Article
- Classic and atypical Wenckebach periodicity in a late gestation fetus with maternal anti-Ro/SSA antibodies.HeartRhythm case reports · 2021Article
- Congenital Heart Disease: An Immunological Perspective.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Transplacental transfer of maternal anti-Ro and/or anti-La autoantibodies can result in fetal cardiac disease, including congenital heart block and cardiomyopathy, called cardiac neonatal lupus (NL). Thousands of women are faced with the risk of cardiac NL in their offspring, which is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. There are no known therapies to permanently reverse third-degree heart block in NL, although several treatments have shown some effectiveness in incomplete heart block and disease beyond the atrioventricular node. Fluorinated steroids taken during pregnancy have shown benefit in these situations, although adverse effects may be concerning. Published data are discordant on the efficacy of fluorinated steroids in the prevention of mortality in cardiac NL. β-agonists have been used to increase fetal heart rates in utero. The endurance of β-agonist effect and its impact on mortality are in question, but when used in combination with other therapies, they may provide benefit. No controlled experiments regarding the use of plasmapheresis in cardiac NL have been performed, despite its theoretical benefits. Intravenous immunoglobulin was not shown to prevent cardiac NL at a dose of 400 mg/kg, although it has shown effectiveness in the treatment of associated cardiomyopathy both in utero and after birth. Retrospective studies have shown that hydroxychloroquine may prevent the recurrence of cardiac NL in families with a previously affected child, and a prospective open-label trial is currently recruiting patients in order to fully evaluate this relationship.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.