Evidence map›Paper›PMID 25050462›Full record

ArticleProtein expression and purification2014

A scalable method for biochemical purification of Salmonella flagellin.

Raphael Simon, Brittany Curtis, Vehid Deumic, Jennifer Nicki, Sharon M Tennant, Marcela F Pasetti, Andrew Lees, Philip W Wills, Marco Chacon, Myron M Levine

Open access · hybridAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Protein expression and purification, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 26 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
26citing papers in PubMed
2.7field-weighted citation impact, top 10% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

26 citing papers in PubMed, 47 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Trial
  2. Trial
  3. Article
  4. Review
  5. A simple cost-effective method for purification ofVeterinary research forum : an international quarterly journal · 2025
    Article
  6. Genetic engineering ofEcoSal Plus · 2024
    Review
  7. Bonded straight and helical flagellar filaments form ultra-low-density glasses.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2023
    Article
  8. Article
  9. Review
  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. Overview of the Nontyphoidal and Paratyphoidal Salmonella Vaccine Pipeline: Current Status and Future Prospects.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2020
    Review
  13. Article
  14. Immunogenicity and protective efficacy againstHuman vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2019
    Article
  15. Article
  16. Deletions inHuman vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2019
    Article
  17. Article
  18. Article
  19. Article
  20. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Raphael SimonCenter for Vaccine Development, University of Maryland Medical School, Baltimore, MD, United States; Department of Medicine, University of Maryland Medical School, Baltimore, MD, United States. Electronic address: rsimon@medicine.umaryland.edu.
Brittany CurtisCenter for Vaccine Development, University of Maryland Medical School, Baltimore, MD, United States; Department of Medicine, University of Maryland Medical School, Baltimore, MD, United States.
Vehid DeumicParagon Bioservices, Baltimore, MD, United States.
Jennifer NickiParagon Bioservices, Baltimore, MD, United States.
Sharon M TennantCenter for Vaccine Development, University of Maryland Medical School, Baltimore, MD, United States; Department of Medicine, University of Maryland Medical School, Baltimore, MD, United States.
Marcela F PasettiCenter for Vaccine Development, University of Maryland Medical School, Baltimore, MD, United States; Department of Pediatrics, University of Maryland Medical School, Baltimore, MD, United States.
Andrew LeesFina Biosolutions, Rockville, MD, United States.
Philip W WillsParagon Bioservices, Baltimore, MD, United States.
Marco ChaconParagon Bioservices, Baltimore, MD, United States.
Myron M LevineCenter for Vaccine Development, University of Maryland Medical School, Baltimore, MD, United States; Department of Medicine, University of Maryland Medical School, Baltimore, MD, United States; Department of Pediatrics, University of Maryland Medical School, Baltimore, MD, United States.
University of Maryland, Baltimore · US

Funding

Wellcome Trust 095967
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Flagellins are the main structural proteins of bacterial flagella and potent stimulators of innate and adaptive immunity in mammals. The flagellins of Salmonella are virulence factors and protective antigens, and form the basis of promising vaccines. Despite broad interest in flagellins as antigens and adjuvants in vaccine formulations, there have been few advances towards the development of scalable and economical purification methods for these proteins. We report here a simple and robust strategy to purify flagellin monomers from the supernatants of liquid growth culture. Phase 1 flagellins from Salmonella enterica serovars Typhimurium (i epitope) and Enteritidis (g,m epitopes) were purified directly from conditioned fermentation growth media using sequential cation- and anion-exchange chromatography coupled with a final tangential flow-filtration step. Conventional porous chromatography resin was markedly less efficient than membrane chromatography for flagellin purification. Recovery after each process step was robust, with endotoxin, nucleic acid and residual host-cell protein effectively removed. The final yield was 200-300 mg/L fermentation culture supernatant, with ∼45-50% overall recovery. A final pH 2 treatment step was instituted to ensure uniformity of flagellin in the monomeric form. Flagellins purified by this method were recognized by monoclonal anti-flagellin antibodies and maintained capacity to activate Toll-like Receptor 5. The process described is simple, readily scalable, uses standard bioprocess methods, and requires only a few steps to obtain highly purified material.

Indexed as

Antibodies, MonoclonalAntigens, BacterialChromatography, Ion ExchangeFlagellinHEK293 CellsHumansImmunity, InnateSalmonellaSalmonella InfectionsSalmonella typhimuriumToll-Like Receptor 5Antibodies, MonoclonalAntigens, BacterialFlagellinToll-Like Receptor 5FlagellinPurificationSalmonellaScalableTLR5Vaccine

Identifiers

PMID25050462
PMCPMC4175188
OpenAlexW2165589681

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.